Characterization of Condensed Tannins from Purple Prairie Clover (Dalea purpurea Vent.) Conserved as either Freeze-Dried Forage, Sun-Cured Hay or Silage

Peng, Kai; Huang, Qianqian; Xu, Z.; McAllister, Tim A.; Acharya, S. N.; Mueller-Harvey, Irene; Drake, Christopher; Cao, Junming; Huang, Yanhua; Sun, Yujiao; Wang, Shunxi; Wang, Yuxi

doi:10.3390/molecules23030586

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…It is worth highlighting that these experiments showed that upon ensiling FV without inoculation, the ratios of the characteristic peaks of polyphenols are comparable to that of the fresh (i.e., pre-ensiled) seaweed. This suggests that the structures of phlorotannins remain intact during the ensiling process; a similar finding was observed in tannin-containing terrestrial silages [51]. Hence, we would expect seaweed silage to have a similar bioactivity compared to pre-ensiled seaweeds, but further studies would be needed to confirm this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

The Effect of Ensiling on the Nutritional Composition and Fermentation Characteristics of Brown Seaweeds as a Ruminant Feed Ingredient

Campbell

Ortuño

Ford

et al. 2020

Animals

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Ensiling could be an effective method to preserve seaweeds for animal feed applications, however, there is limited scientific knowledge in this area. Seaweeds are a promising ruminant feed ingredient, in part due to the content of phenolic compounds, which are receiving considerable interest as alternative antimicrobial agents in feed. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of ensiling on the nutritional composition and fermentation characteristics of two brown seaweed species, Fucus vesiculosus (FV) and Saccharina latissimi (SL) with or without the use of a Lactobacillus plantarum (LAB) inoculant. The effect of ensiling on the stability of phlorotannin was also investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). After harvesting, the seaweeds were wilted for 24 h and subsequently ensiled in laboratory-scaled silos for 90 days. SL silage showed a stronger fermentation pattern (pH < 4), dominated by lactic acid (50–60 g/kg Dry Matter (DM)), and a slightly higher acetic acid content compared to FV silages (p < 0.05). The fermentability of FV was limited (pH > 4.8) with low lactic acid production (<5 g/kg DM). The addition of the LAB inoculant showed no effect on the fermentation process but a modest effect on the chemical composition of both species was observed after the 90-day ensiling period. The results showed no losses in the nutrient content of FV after ensiling, however losses in the Crude Protein (CP, −32%), ash (−36%), Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF, −77%) and Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF, −58%) content of SL were observed. The ensiling process had a limited effect on the in vitro true dry matter digestibility and phenolic content of either species. Therefore, ensilage may be a suitable preservation method for the use of brown seaweeds as a ruminant feed; however, species-specific differences were observed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

The Effect of Ensiling on the Nutritional Composition and Fermentation Characteristics of Brown Seaweeds as a Ruminant Feed Ingredient

Campbell

Ortuño

Ford

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Compared to fresh forage, concentrations of extractable CT have been shown to be lower in hay 11,12 and silage, 3,4,13 but the concentration of total CT was not altered by either of these conservation methods. Peng et al 4 . found that ensiling had a more profound effect than drying on the chemical composition and protein‐precipitating capacity of CT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Condensed tannins (CT) are a group of naturally occurring plant secondary compounds that possess antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities and are known for their ability to precipitate proteins 1–4 . Therefore, forages containing CT have been extensively evaluated under grazing conditions, although fewer studies have been conducted in intensive ruminant production systems 5–7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon exposure to air and UV light, it has been proposed that tannins could be oxidized to quinine, which could covalently bind to forage proteins and render them indigestible 10 . Compared to fresh forage, concentrations of extractable CT have been shown to be lower in hay 11,12 and silage, 3,4,13 but the concentration of total CT was not altered by either of these conservation methods. Peng et al 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conserving purple prairie clover (Dalea purpureaVent.) as hay and silage had little effect on the efficacy of condensed tannins in modulating ruminal fermentation in vitro

Peng

Nair

et al. 2020

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of forage conservation method and condensed tannins (CT) in conserved forage on rumen fermentation. Purple prairie clover (PPC; Dalea purpurea Vent.) containing 84.5 g kg−1 dry matter (DM) of CT was harvested at full flower and preserved as freeze‐dried green chop (F), hay (H) or silage (S). Batch culture incubations were conducted using conserved forages as a substrate and treatments were arranged as 3 × 2 factorial design of forage type (F, H and S) with or without polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG was used to isolate the effects of CT on fermentation. Incubation was repeated twice with quadruplicate vials for each treatment in each incubation. 15N‐labelled ammonium sulfate was used as microbial N marker and headspace gas was sampled to determine methane production.RESULTSConcentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber were lower (P < 0.01) in F than in H or S. Ensiling decreased (P < 0.001) total phenolics and extractable CT, but had no effect on total CT, whereas none of these phenolic fractions were altered in H. Hay and silage had lower (P < 0.01) true DM disappearance (TDMD) and NDF disappearance (NDFD) than F. Inclusion of PEG did not affect TDMD or NDFD after 8, 24 or 72 h of incubation. Productions of total gas, methane and total volatile fatty acid and the rate of gas production (c) were also similar, but ammonia was higher (P < 0.05) and microbial N was lower (P < 0.05) with than without PEG after 72 h of incubation. After 72 h, a lower (P < 0.001) proportion of acetate but higher (P < 0.05) proportion of propionate was noted with S, resulting in a lower (P < 0.001) acetate:propionate ratio as compared to F or H after 8 h of incubation.CONCLUSIONCondensed tannins in PPC decreased protein degradation in vitro, but had minimal effects on overall rumen fermentation, and conservation of PPC as hay or silage had little effect on the efficacy of CT in modulating rumen fermentation. © 2020 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

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“…Epigallocatechin, catechin, epicatechin and gallocatechin were identified in Purple Prairie Clover (Dalea purpurea Vent.) (Peng et al, 2018).…”

Section: Concenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Nutritive Value and Phenolic Compounds in Forage Plants Used in Animal Production

Lage¹,

Teixeira²,

Morais³

et al. 2020

JAS

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Secondary metabolites are important organic metabolites produced by plants. These metabolites include phenolic compounds, which have been of research interest because phenolics are considered an antinutritional factor for ruminants, compromise the bioavailability of nutrients. This study included a chemical composition analysis, an analysis of the condensed tannin content and the identification and quantification of the phenolic compounds present in the following plants cultivated with and without fertilisation: Coastcross-1 grass (G) and the legumes Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão (MS), Stylosanthes capitata × Stylosanthes macrocephala cv. Campo Grande (CGS), Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo (AA) and Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte (AB). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyse 13 phenolic compounds. The forage with the best nutritive value was Amarillo pinto peanut. The condensed tannin content was higher in the legumes than that in the grass. Vanillin and o-coumaric, m-coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acid were detected in all the cultivars. The cultivar with the largest variety of phenolic compounds was Coastcross-1 grass. Diversity existed in the occurrence of phenolic compounds, which indicated the presence of condensed tannins in the cultivars and possibly that the diversity does not affect the concentration of these compounds. The AA cultivar was the most interesting alternative for the establishment of pasture intercropped with Coastcross-1 grass.

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Characterization of Condensed Tannins from Purple Prairie Clover (Dalea purpurea Vent.) Conserved as either Freeze-Dried Forage, Sun-Cured Hay or Silage

Cited by 19 publications

References 69 publications

The Effect of Ensiling on the Nutritional Composition and Fermentation Characteristics of Brown Seaweeds as a Ruminant Feed Ingredient

The Effect of Ensiling on the Nutritional Composition and Fermentation Characteristics of Brown Seaweeds as a Ruminant Feed Ingredient

Conserving purple prairie clover (Dalea purpureaVent.) as hay and silage had little effect on the efficacy of condensed tannins in modulating ruminal fermentation in vitro

Measurement of Nutritive Value and Phenolic Compounds in Forage Plants Used in Animal Production

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