Characterization of degradation products of idarubicin through LC-UV, MSn and LC–MS-TOF studies

Four new degradation products of doxorubicin: An application of forced degradation study and hyphenated chromatographic techniques

“…Degradation of DOX to deglucosaminyl doxorubicin (A-I) under acid hydrolytic condition was possible through well known acid catalyzed cleavage of glycosidic linkage ( Fig. 7 ) similar as the reports on the degradation of other similar drug molecules such as idarubicin, doxorubicin, 4′-deoxydoxorubicin, 4′-O-methyl doxorubicin, 4′-epidoxorubicin, doxorubininol, daunorubicin and carminomycin under acidic conditions [14] , [25] . Degradation of DOX to O-IV (9-desacetyldoxorubicin) and then to O-III (9-desacetyldoxorubicin-9-hydroperoxide) was possible through Baeyer Villiger oxidative deacetylation following the addition of H 2 O 2 ( Fig.…”

“…Based on this proposition, O-IV was suggested to be 9-desacetyldoxorubicin, which can exist in two forms due to keto-enol tautomerism. This proposition was supported by a similar kind of product under oxidative conditions reported to form from idarubicin [25] . The TOF spectrum of O-IV showed product ions at m / z 355.0797, 337.0721 and 309.0737.…”

“…Based on these results, it was suggested that O-III might be formed by the addition of H 2 O 2 across the ketone group generated on ring D in keto form of O-IV. This contention was supported by an earlier study, in which a similar hydroperoxide degradation product was proposed to form from idarubicin [25] . Hence, O-III was proposed to be 9-desacetyldoxorubicin-9-hydroperoxide, which underwent mass fragmentation ( Fig.…”

Structural elucidation of stress degradation products of ampicillin sodium by liquid chromatography/hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

“…Forced degradation studies are an important part of drug development, and are widely used to predict drug stability problems and identify degradation products or potential impurities. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] When a drug degrades, it may result in the loss of drug activity and degradation products may elicit possible adverse reactions. Understanding the formation of degradation products is very important for defining product manufacturing conditions and choosing suitable packaging and storage conditions.…”

Internal standard method for the measurement of doxorubicin and daunorubicin by capillary electrophoresis with in-column double optical-fiber LED-induced fluorescence detection

“…Due to the significant clinical importance of the anthracycline antibiotics, numerous analytical techniques have been developed to quantify them. These techniques include gas chromatography [3,4], liquid chromatography [5][6][7], UV spectrophotometry [8], fluorescence spectrophotometry [9,10] and so on. Although it has been widely used for the determination of anthracycline antibiotics [11][12][13], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) suffers from poor selectivity and tedious procedures for sample preparation and chromatographic optimization.…”