Characterization of ESBL- and AmpC-Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Diseased Companion Animals in Europe

Abstract

The study aimed to characterize beta-lactam resistance mechanisms of Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from diseased dogs and cats between 2008 and 2010 in a European surveillance program (ComPath I) for the antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogens. A total of 608 non-duplicated Enterobacteriaceae isolates were obtained prior antibiotic treatment from diseased dogs (n=464) and cats (n=144). Among the 608 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 22 presented a minimal inhibitory concentration against cefotaxime above EUCAST breakpoints of susceptibility. All the 22 isolates remained susceptible to carbapenems. Ten isolates were confirmed as extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers by PCR-sequencing of bla coding genes including 9 blaCTX-M (CTX-M-1, 14, 15, 32,…) and 1 blaTEM-52 and 12 were AmpC-producing isolates (10 plasmidic CMY-2 group and 2 isolates overexpressing their chromosomal AmpC). ESBLs and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC)-producing isolates were mainly recovered from dogs (n=17) suffering from urinary tract infections (n=13) and originated from eight different countries. ESBL-bearing plasmids were mostly associated with IncFII incompatibility groups while CMY-2 was predominantly associated with plasmid of the IncI1 group. ESBL/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli belonged to phylogroup A (n=5), B2 (n=4), and D (n=5). Multilocus sequence typing analysis revealed that among three CTX-M-15-producing E. coli, two belong to sequence type (ST) 131 and one to ST405. The presence of CTX-M-15 including on IncFII plasmids in E. coli ST131-B2 has also been described in isolates of human origin. This suggests the possibility of exchanges of these isolates from humans to companion animals or vice-versa.

野生动物(野鸟)对全球耐药基因传播的影响

“…Among them, ST131 is the most commonly detected clone. The dominant ST131 clone identified in wild animals, which has been frequently described in humans, companion animals, food products, and the environment, is involved in the international dissemination of bla CTX-M-15 and bla CTX-M-14 (Alghoribi et al, 2015; Bogaerts et al, 2015; Ewers et al, 2010; Hu et al, 2013; Hussain et al, 2014; Kawamura et al, 2014; Kim et al, 2017; Mathers et al, 2015). Additionally, other STs described in wild animals, such as ST10, ST69, ST405, ST410, and ST648, have also been reported in various sources and are responsible for the intercontinental distribution of CTX-M (Fischer et al, 2014, 2017; Hansen et al, 2014; Hu et al, 2013; Liu et al, 2016a; Müller et al, 2016; Su et al, 2016; Wang et al, 2016).…”

“…CMY-2 is the most prevalent AmpC β-lactamase and has been globally disseminated among Enterobacteriaceae in humans, companion animals, food-producing animals, and retail meat (Bogaerts et al, 2015; Carmo et al, 2014; Hansen et al, 2016; Jacoby, 2009; Ma et al, 2012; Smet et al, 2010; Vogt et al, 2014; Wu et al, 2015). As shown in Table 2, AmpC β-lactamases have been reported in E. coli , K. pneumoniae , and Enterobacter cloacae isolates of wildlife origin in Europe, North America, and Asia, and particularly in central Europe, similar to ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (Table 2).…”

“…The bla CMY-2 gene is mainly located on IncA/C and IncI1 plasmids from Enterobacteriaceae isolates of human and veterinary origin (Bogaerts et al, 2015; Bortolaia et al, 2014; Carattoli, 2009; Guo et al, 2014; Sidjabat et al, 2014). Among wild animals, bla CMY-2 has been reported to be mainly associated with IncI1 plasmids in E. coli from Dutch wild birds and wild seagulls in the US (Poirel et al, 2012; Veldman et al, 2013).…”

Prevalence and Antibiogram of Generic Extended-Spectrum β-Lactam-Resistant Enterobacteria in Healthy Dogs

“…It is also higher than 9, 28.9, 2 and 3.6% ESBLresistant/producing enterobacterial isolation prevalence in 22 household dogs in Sweden, 58 faecal samples of healthy dogs, among clinical enterobacterial isolates from 65 dogs/cats/horses and 608 dogs/cats reported by Ljungquist et al (2016), Cozma et al (2015a), Dierikx et al (2012) and Bogaerts et al (2015) in Sweden, Romania, The Netherlands and Europe, respectively. The result is however lower than 62.1 and 30% ESBL-producing enterobacterial isolation prevalence in faecal samples of 29 healthy dogs/cats and among 110 dogs/cats/others reported by Cozma et al (2015b) and Poirel et al (2013) in Romania and France, respectively.…”

Antimicrobial resistance in companion animals

“…Since they were first identified as a cause of disease in companion animals in 1998 there have been numerous reports of the presence of ESBLs in companion animals and the production of β‐lactamases by both commensal and pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae species is common . Many of the isolates identified in companion animals are similar to the isolates found in human subjects and transmission between animals to human population is therefore likely. Strains of E. coli resistant to all available classes of antimicrobial are now isolated commonly in horses and are an increasing cause of nosocomial disease in equine hospitals for which there are limited treatment options .…”