Characterization of Force Deflection Properties for Vehicular Bumper-to-Bumper Interactions

Impact characteristics of a vehicle population in low speed front to rear collisions

“…14, which show that the inverse square of the time to common velocity ð1=T 2 cv Þ is a highly linear function of the slope of the acceleration displacement curves (R 2 > 0.97), with very little scatter. In very recent work (Bonugli et al, 2014) have presented linear stiffness corridors from quasi static testing of bumper pairs, but since the vehicle masses are not known for their data, direct comparison with the normalised stiffness data in Fig. 13 of this paper is not possible.…”

“…In this regard (Bonugli et al, 2014) have established the mean relationship C dmax = 1.18C res , although this encompasses full engagement, under-ride/over-ride and concentrated impact (tow-bar) data and does not fully account for those impacts where no residual crush is present. This paper has analysed full engagement and over-ride/underride collisions, but only for cases where the principal direction of force is aligned with the vehicles' longitudinal axes, and this is a limitation of the present work.…”

“…The recent work by (Scott et al, 2010(Scott et al, , 2012Bonugli et al, 2014;Funk et al, 2014) has shown that, when experimental knowledge of the combined bumper deformation behavior is known for a specific vehicle pair, the impact response for a specific collision can be found. However, the tests they completed showed non-linear and variable bumper stiffnesses, and the approach yields nontrivial errors in the coefficient of restitution.…”