Characterization of indium-tin-oxide films treated by different procedures: effect of treatment time in aqua regia solution

Surface Treatment and Characterization of Indium–Tin-Oxide Thin Films Modified Using Cyclonic Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma

“…It is well known that the electric and optical properties of ITO films are sensitive to surface conditions. Because the surface free energy of ITO can be increased through surface modification, numerous researchers have attempted various methods, including solvent cleaning, 12,13) plasma treatment, [14][15][16][17] and UV cleaning 13,18,19) in order to increase the surface free energy of ITO and subsequently improve the operational efficiency of optoelectronic devices. In these modification methods, plasma surface modification has been found to be an extremely attractive technique for ITO.…”

Surface treatment and characterization of ITO thin films using atmospheric pressure plasma for organic light emitting diodes

“…Therefore, an increase in the work function of ITO decreases the barrier height and enhances hole injection from ITO into the HTL [5]. A general method for increasing the work function is to pretreat ITO with various methods, such as solvent cleaning [6], plasma treatment [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], UV cleaning [15,16] prior to depositing the organic layer. These treatments produce a dipole layer on the pre-cleaned ITO surface.…”

Modification of charge transport in triphenyldiamine films induced by acid oxidized single-walled carbon nanotube interlayers

“…Acid oxidation is known to remove metal catalyst impurities and renders SWCNTs soluble in water via the incorporation oxygen containing moieties (e.g. COOH and OH) at defect sites primarily located at the nanotubes ends [13], enabling facile processing onto hydrophilic substrates such as ITO glass [14]. High purity (90%) SWCNTs grown by chemical vapor deposition were purchased commercially from Nanocyl.…”