Characterization of Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona isolated from swine in Brazil

Miraglia, Fabiana; Moreno, Luisa Zanolli; Morais, Zenáide Maria de; Langoni, Hélio; Shimabukuro, Fabio Hiroto; Dellagostin, Odir A.; Hartskeerl, Rudy A.; Vasconcellos, Sílvio Arruda; Moreno, Andréa Micke

doi:10.3855/jidc.5507

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The incidence of human leptospirosis has increased from 0.2 cases /100 000 people in 2005 to 1.0 cases /100 000 in 2015. It is a disease caused by Leptospira, a Gram-negative aerobic bacterium belonging to the Spirochaetaceae family [1,2,4,7,[29][30][31]. Seroepidemiological surveys carried out by the Institute of Public Health (IPH) in the period 1980-1990 in Albania have demonstrated a predominant circulation of species, Leptospira Pomona and Leptospira ichterohaemorrhagica [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of gender in the prevalence of human leptospirosis in Albania

Puca¹,

Pipero²,

Harxhi³

et al. 2018

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic spirochetal disease with global importance, which continues to have a major impact on public health in developing countries. The prevalence of the disease is much higher in males. The objectives of this study were: to give some data and to share our experience with human leptospirosis in Albania; to describe the prevalence regarding to the role of gender in the prevalence of human leptospirosis; to make a gender specific analysis of the clinical manifestations in patients diagnosed and treated for leptospirosis in our service and to make a review of literature related to this hypothesis. Methodology: We reviewed the epidemiologic data, risk factors and differences in clinical presentation between males and females’ patients with leptospirosis. These data are analysed from hospitalized patients. Diagnosis of leptospirosis was established based on clinical presentation, epidemiological data and subsequently confirmed serologically by Anti-Leptospira IgM antibodies through ELISA test. Results: Between 2005-2016, 233 cases of confirmed leptospirosis were analysed. Males were 208 (89.27%) and 25 of patients (10.72%) were females in ratio 9:1 p < 0.001. The highest prevalence was observed in the 45-64 age groups. Overall mortality was found to be 8.58%, 19 were males and one female p < 0.001. Conclusions: There is a much higher prevalence of leptospirosis in middle aged men. Mortality rate seems to be similar in males and females. While the difference in prevalence may be related to exposure to risk factors, further investigation is necessary to study gender-based genetic and immunological predisposition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leptospirosis is a re-emerging disease with worldwide distribution, with higher incidence in the developing world [1][2][3][4]. The disease is encountered in both urban and rural settings in countries with tropical, subtropical, or mild climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of gender in the prevalence of human leptospirosis in Albania

Puca¹,

Pipero²,

Harxhi³

et al. 2018

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…The finding of identical VNTR patterns circulating between animals and humans is not unexpected and has been described for serovar Pomona genotype A obtained from pigs in Brazil (Miraglia et al . ). It is expected that the extensive usage of VNTR and the description of new patterns will probably lead to more matches between strains of different hosts, allowing a clearer scenario of the circulation of leptospiral strains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

VNTR analysis demonstrates new patterns and high genetic diversity of Leptospira sp. of animal origin in Brazil

Jaeger

Loureiro

Lilenbaum

2018

Lett Appl Microbiol

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“…is long and complex, that the period of leptospiruria varies and is not constant during the day, and because animals can be in the acute phase of the disease and have not started to eliminate the microorganism [19], and although serological tests are the most used, it is necessary the combination with direct detection tests like the isolation through culture or molecular techniques to provide a definitive and individual diagnosis and understand the distribution of the microorganism in the population [40]. Culture-positive results but negative to MAT, 7.5% (3/40) obtained in this study, can be explained because when the infection is endemic in farms can be found sows with titers <100; also, should be aware that the MAT test has limitations and there is not always correlation between the found serogroups and the results in the isolation and subsequent identification [16,27,49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Globally, Leptospira isolation from pig urine has only been performed in countries like Brazil [19,27], Tanzania [24] and Thailand [25]. The main objective of this study was to relate the behavior of the reproductive indicators with the presence of Leptospira spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of the Reproductive Indicators by the Presence of Leptospira spp. in Sows of Swine Farms

Ospina-Pinto

Rincón-Pardo

Soler-Tovar

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background:Leptospirosis is a worldwide disease that impacts health, welfare and animal production. Manifestations in swine range from subclinical to severe cases of reproductive failure, generating abortions, embryonic resorption, litters with few piglets, and piglets born weak or dead, which causes great economic losses. Tropical conditions in Colombia favor transmission and maintenance of Leptospira, highlighting the importance of implementing direct diagnostic techniques such as isolation through culture to reach a definitive diagnosis. The objective of the present study was to relate reproductive indicators behavior with the presence of Leptospira spp. in two pig farms in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Materials, Methods & Results:Sows in reproductive stage in two pig farms were selected. A clinical examination of the animals was performed to demonstrate the presence of signs suggestive of Leptospirosis, also the sow records were reviewed to find reports of any of these clinical manifestations, and the average of the reproductive indicators was calculated to set which were altered in the sows. Blood and urine samples were obtained and analyzed by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and isolation through culture, respectively. Among the altered reproductive indicators were identified: total pigs born (TPB) in 72.5%, stillbirths (SB) by 70%, mummified pigs (MUM) in a 52.5%, pre-weaning death (PWD) by 40% and the 24 h mortality (M24h) in the 20%. The 77.5% of the sows were positive by MAT. The predominant serovars of Leptospira spp. included Grippotyphosa (67.5%), Canicola (22.5%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (20%), Hardjo (17.5%) and Pomona (12.5%). The bacterium was isolated in 32.5% of the analyzed urine samples. There is increased risk of alteration in the indicators M24h (1.27), TPB (1.08), SB (1.15) and MUM (1.27) with the presence of Leptospira by isolation through culture. Discussion: The birth of weak piglets and the alteration of indicators such as SB were the most common findings in this study, which are of the major alterations caused by the bacteria because Leptospira can be located in the uterus. Positive cultures, 32.5% (13/40), indicate a high percentage of positive animals in the population. The total of positive culture results reveal that humans, pigs and other animal species from the farms and surrounding areas, are at risk of exposure to the bacteria, because these positive sows are eliminating the microorganism through urine to the environment, representing a problem for public health. This is why it is important to perform the identification of bacteria in urine. It establishes whether the animal is a carrier, although the non-detection of the microorganism in the urine does not rule out that this is a chronic renal carrier because it may indicate that at the moment of the test the animal was not excreting detectable amounts of the bacteria. The total of positive sera (77.5%) indicates a high seropositivity of swine leptospirosis in the population. Regarding serovars of Leptospira spp. identified, Grip...

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Characterization of Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona isolated from swine in Brazil

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

The role of gender in the prevalence of human leptospirosis in Albania

The role of gender in the prevalence of human leptospirosis in Albania

VNTR analysis demonstrates new patterns and high genetic diversity of Leptospira sp. of animal origin in Brazil

Alteration of the Reproductive Indicators by the Presence of Leptospira spp. in Sows of Swine Farms

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