Characterization of North American Lignocellulosic Biomass and Biochars in Terms of their Candidacy for Alternate Renewable Fuels

Nanda, Sonil; Mohanty, Pravakar; Pant, Kamal K.; Naik, S. N.; Koziński, Janusz A.; Dalai, Ajay K.

doi:10.1007/s12155-012-9281-4

Cited by 329 publications

(137 citation statements)

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“…The band at 2937 cm could be a result of aliphatic saturated C-H stretching vibrations (asymmetric and symmetric methyl and methylene stretching groups) from extractives and lignin components of the biomass since fatty acid methyl esters and phenolic acid methyl esters, have methyl and methylene groups [29][30][31][32]. In the fingerprint region, the band at 1600 cm −1 may be due to the ring-conjugated C=C bonds of lignin while the band observed at 1200 cm −1 may be an indication of O-H bending in the cellulose and hemicellulose components of the biomass [5,25,26,28,[33][34][35][36]. The frequency at 1,050 cm −1 may be ascribed to C-O, and C=C, and C-C-O stretching in cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin [25,28,34,36] while the bands between 800 and 600 cm −1 may be attributed to aromatic C-H bending vibrations from the lignin in the samples [5,35,36].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the fingerprint region, the band at 1600 cm −1 may be due to the ring-conjugated C=C bonds of lignin while the band observed at 1200 cm −1 may be an indication of O-H bending in the cellulose and hemicellulose components of the biomass [5,25,26,28,[33][34][35][36]. The frequency at 1,050 cm −1 may be ascribed to C-O, and C=C, and C-C-O stretching in cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin [25,28,34,36] while the bands between 800 and 600 cm −1 may be attributed to aromatic C-H bending vibrations from the lignin in the samples [5,35,36]. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed thermal decomposition of various structural components of NGS, NGT and NGL (Figure 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Characterization of Napier Grass as a Feedstock for Thermochemical Conversion

et al. 2015

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Study on Napier grass leaf (NGL), stem (NGS) and leaf and stem (NGT) was carried out. Proximate, ultimate and structural analyses were evaluated. Functional groups and crystalline components in the biomass were examined. Pyrolysis study was conducted in a thermogravimetric analyzer under nitrogen atmosphere of 20 mL/min at constant heating rate of 10 K/min. The results reveal that Napier grass biomass has high volatile matter, higher heating value, high carbon content and lower ash, nitrogen and sulfur contents. Structural analysis shows that the biomass has considerable cellulose and lignin contents which are good candidates for good quality bio-oil production. From the pyrolysis study, degradation of extractives, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin occurred at temperature around 478, 543, 600 and above 600 K, respectively. Kinetics of the process was evaluated using reaction order model. New equations that described the process were developed using the kinetic parameters and data compared with experimental data. The results of the models fit well to OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 3404 the experimental data. The proposed models may be a reliable means for describing thermal decomposition of lignocellulosic biomass under nitrogen atmosphere at constant heating rate.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Characterization of Napier Grass as a Feedstock for Thermochemical Conversion

et al. 2015

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“…The physiochemical characteristics of the three biomasses have been described by Nanda et al (2013). Around 5 kg of each biomass was collected for chopping, crushing and air-drying.…”

Section: Biomass Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-Oils from Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass with High and Slow Heating Rate

Nanda¹,

Mohanty²,

Koziński³

et al. 2014

EER

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Bio-oil is a major product of biomass pyrolysis that could potentially be used in motor engines, boilers, furnaces and turbines for heat and power. Upon catalytic upgrading, bio-oils can be used as transportation fuels due to enhancement of their fuel properties. In this study, bio-oils produced from lignocellulosic biomasses such as wheat straw, timothy grass and pinewood were estimated through slow and high heating rate pyrolysis at 450 °C. The slow heating rate (2 °C/min) pyrolysis resulted in low bio-oil yields and high amount of biochars, whereas the high heating rate (450 °C/min) pyrolysis produced significant amount of bio-oils with reduced biochar yields. The physico-chemical and compositional analyses of bio-oils were achieved through carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-sulfur (CHNS) studies, calorific value, Fourier transform-infra red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The yields of bio-oils produced from the three biomasses were 40-48 wt.% through high heating rate pyrolysis and 18-24 wt.% through slow heating rate pyrolysis. The chemical components identified in bio-oils were classified into five major groups such as organic acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and phenols. The percent intensities of hydrogen and carbon containing species were calculated from 1 H and 13 C-NMR. The study on bio-oils from herbaceous and woody biomasses revealed their potentials for fossil fuel substitution and bio-chemical production.

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“…Lignocellulose, which is the most abundant biopolymer on earth, consists of three major components: lignin (10% to 25%), hemicellulose (20% to 40%), and cellulose (35% to 55%) (Nanda et al 2013). Composition of lignocellulose depends on biomass source (Beg et al 2001;Ang et al 2015;Pellegrini et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Characterization of Partially Purified Thermostable Endoxylanase and Endoglucanase from Novel Actinomadura geliboluensis and the Biotechnological Applications in the Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Adıgüzel¹,

Tunçer²

2017

BioResources

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Extracellular endoxylanase and endoglucanase from halo-and thermotolerant Actinomadura geliboluensis were produced, purified, characterized, and used in the saccharification of native and pretreated lignocellulosic biomasses. The molecular mass of endoxylanase and endoglucanase were 30 and 38 kDa, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature values for both endoxylanase and endoglucanase activities were pH 6.0 and 60 °C, respectively. They were both stable within a pH range of 4.0 to 8.0 and up to 70 °C. The half-lives of endoxylanase and endoglucanase at 70 °C were calculated as 180 min and 60 min, while their half-lives at 80 °C were detected as 60 min and 50 min, respectively. Both the endoxylanase and endoglucanase obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. . The potential application of endoxylanase and endoglucanase in saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass was further evaluated. The reduced sugar was 265.12 mg/g biomass after both endoxylanase and endoglucanase were incubated with wheat straw, which was pretreated by 1 % NaOH at 121 °C for 15 min. Endoxylanase and endoglucanase were produced from novel A. geliboluensis, which could potentially be used in biotechnological applications.

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Characterization of North American Lignocellulosic Biomass and Biochars in Terms of their Candidacy for Alternate Renewable Fuels

Cited by 329 publications

References 44 publications

Comprehensive Characterization of Napier Grass as a Feedstock for Thermochemical Conversion

Comprehensive Characterization of Napier Grass as a Feedstock for Thermochemical Conversion

Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-Oils from Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass with High and Slow Heating Rate

Production and Characterization of Partially Purified Thermostable Endoxylanase and Endoglucanase from Novel Actinomadura geliboluensis and the Biotechnological Applications in the Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Biomass

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