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This aim of this work was to investigate the various properties of Origanum munzurense Kit Tan & Sorger that are previously unknown. In this context, chemical compound, antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content, mineral and trace element composition, antibacterial activity and genotoxicity effects of its extracts and essential oil were widely analysed. The extracts and essential oil of Origanum munzurense were obtained by three different extraction methods. All contents of extracts and essential oil were analysed by GC-MS and evaluated according to mass spectral libraries of GC-MS. The identified compounds were evaluated according to literature to put forward their benefits on human health. The phenolic content analysis of Origanum munzurense was performed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. 178.59, 184.20, 231.17, 319.28 and 1051.94 mg GAE/100 g dry weight were determined for methanol, water, acetonitrile, ethanol and subcritical water extracts, respectively. DPPH and CUPRAC methods were used to determine antioxidant activity. The highest half-maximal inhibitory concentration and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity values were found as 0.110 mg mL −1 and 2.197 using water and tetrahydrofuran extracts, respectively. A total of 21 mineral and trace elements were detected in the ICP-MS analysis of O munzurense using the wet digestion procedure. The effects of the extracts and essential oil on Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S aureus were examined using disc diffusion and microdilution methods. Essential oil exhibited the highest antibacterial activity. The essential oil was found to cause less DNA damage using the comet assay in Hep G2 cells compared with tetrahydrofuran extract. K E Y W O R D S antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, chemical compounds, genotoxic activity, Origanum munzurense | 395 YABALAK et AL How to cite this article: Yabalak E, Emire Z, Adıgüzel AO, Könen Adıgüzel S, Gizir AM. Wide-scale evaluation of Origanum munzurense Kit Tan & Sorger using different extraction techniques: Antioxidant capacity, chemical compounds, trace element content, total phenolic content, antibacterial activity and genotoxic effect. Flavour Fragr J.

Extracellular endoxylanase and endoglucanase from halo-and thermotolerant Actinomadura geliboluensis were produced, purified, characterized, and used in the saccharification of native and pretreated lignocellulosic biomasses. The molecular mass of endoxylanase and endoglucanase were 30 and 38 kDa, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature values for both endoxylanase and endoglucanase activities were pH 6.0 and 60 °C, respectively. They were both stable within a pH range of 4.0 to 8.0 and up to 70 °C. The half-lives of endoxylanase and endoglucanase at 70 °C were calculated as 180 min and 60 min, while their half-lives at 80 °C were detected as 60 min and 50 min, respectively. Both the endoxylanase and endoglucanase obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. . The potential application of endoxylanase and endoglucanase in saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass was further evaluated. The reduced sugar was 265.12 mg/g biomass after both endoxylanase and endoglucanase were incubated with wheat straw, which was pretreated by 1 % NaOH at 121 °C for 15 min. Endoxylanase and endoglucanase were produced from novel A. geliboluensis, which could potentially be used in biotechnological applications.

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