Characterization of possible symbionts in Onychochaeta borincana (Annelida: Glossoscolecidae)

Valle-Molinares, Roger; Borges, Sonia; Rı́os-Velázquez, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2007.08.057

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Members of the Firmicutes were found in the intestinal tissues of earthworm species L. terrestris, Octolasion cyaneum, Lumbricus rubellus and Onychochaeta borincana (Jolly et al, 1993;Singleton et al, 2003;Valle-Molinares et al, 2007). Bacillus species and strains might aid earthworms by mineralizing phosphate and reducing nitrogenous compounds (Ihssen et al, 2003;Wan and Wong, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut wall bacteria of earthworms: a natural selection process

et al. 2009

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Earthworms and microorganisms are interdependent and their interactions regulate the biogeochemistry of terrestrial soils. Investigating earthworm-microorganism interactions, we tested the hypothesis that differences in burrowing and feeding habits of anecic and endogeic earthworms are reflected by the existence of ecological group-specific gut wall bacterial communities. Bacterial community was detected using automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis of 16S and 23S genes and ribotype data was used to assess diversity and community composition. Using soil and earthworm samples collected from adjacent wheat-barley and grass-clover fields, we found that the anecic Lumbricus terrestris and L. friendi, the endogeic Aporrectodea caliginosa and A. longa (classically defined as anecic, but now known to possess endogeic characteristics) contain ecological group-specific gut wall-associated bacterial communities. The abundance of specific gut wall-associated bacteria (identified by sequence analysis of ribotype bands), including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and an actinobacterium, was ecological group dependent. A microcosm study, conducted using A. caliginosa and L. terrestris and five different feeding regimes, indicated that food resource can cause shifts in gut wall-associated bacterial community, but the magnitude of these shifts did not obscure the delineation between ecological group specificity. Using A. caliginosa and A. longa samples collected in six different arable fields, we deduced that, within an ecological group, habitat was a more important determinant of gut wall-associated bacterial community composition than was host species. Hence, we conclude that the selection of bacteria associated with the gut wall of earthworms is a natural selection process and the strongest determinant of this process is in the order ecological group4habitat4species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut wall bacteria of earthworms: a natural selection process

et al. 2009

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“… 11 , 14 Nevertheless, other articles also included in this review attempted to describe the underlying mechanisms of vermiremediation of organic contaminants, some from laboratory evidence, and others from theoretical inferences. 8 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 These different strands of information are combined here to explore the mechanisms of vermiremediation of organic contaminants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 18 , 19 Studies have identified microorganisms associated with the gut of earthworms to include species and strains of the genera Bacillus , Pseudomonas , Enterobacter , Azotobacter , Klebsiella , Proteus , and Streptococcus . 18 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 Studies have also shown enzymes and groups of enzymes associated with earthworm remediation activities to include amylases, proteases, lipases and cellulases. 24 , 25 These microorganisms and enzymes which are deposited onto the substrates as they pass through the alimentary canal of earthworms help in facilitating the biotransformation, biodegradation and mineralization of organic matter and contaminants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Vermiremediation to Remove Contaminants from Soil

Dada

Akinola

Owa

et al. 2021

Journal of Health and Pollution

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Background. In addition to improving soil fertility and crop production, earthworms have been found to be useful in the removal of contaminants from soil, known as vermiremediation. Previous studies on vermiremediation have focused primarily on organic wastes, with relatively less attention paid to inorganic contaminants. In addition, some basic terms used in environmental health studies have often not been properly clarified. Objectives. The present study is a review of the state of the literature on the effectiveness of using earthworms to remediate organic and inorganic (metal) soil contaminants. Earthworms’ actions in remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants are described. Some terms that are used interchangeably in environmental health are clarified. The challenges and limitations of vermiremediation are highlighted. Methods. A systematic literature search was conducted to access online academic publications indexed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Clarivate Analytics (Web of Science), ScienceDirect, ResearchGate and Springer Link. A total of 165 publications on the subject matter were accessed, out of which 47 were used for the review. Discussion. Empirical and theoretical information from the literature showed evidence of the significant contributions of earthworms to the removal of soil organic contaminants and metals. Earthworms indirectly facilitate the conversion of organic contaminants by promoting microbial and enzyme activities. Some organic contaminants are directly taken up through dermal and intestinal absorption and accumulated by preferential sequestration in sub-organismic and tissue fractions of earthworms. Metals are directly removed and accumulated by the mechanism of detoxification and sequestration, via metallothioneins induction. The terms ‘contaminants’ and ‘pollutants’ have different meanings and should not be used interchangeably. Although vermiremediation presents an ideal clean-up technique, it is limited in application to only mildly contaminated soil environments. Ethical concerns should not pose a serious issue because vermiremediation simply takes advantage of earthworms’ natural soil-conditioning abilities. Many vermiremediation processes, especially of organic wastes, are harmless to earthworms, improving the soil for their growth and survival. Conclusions. Vermiremediation presents a good long-term biological option to clean up mildly contaminated soil. It may be deployed as a secondary measure to rid the soil of residual contaminants after applying physicochemical remediation techniques to an overtly polluted soil environment. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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“…Similarly, earthworms obtained carbon and nitrogen for its growth and reproduction from microbes . Seven species of bacteria from the genus Bacillus ( B. insolitus , B. megaterium , B. breris , B. pasteurii , B. sphaericus , B.t ., and B. pabuli ) within the intestine of Onychochaeta borincana was identified . All these species were found to be typical soil bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Production and characterization of PHB‐HV copolymer by Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from Eisenia foetida

Ponnusamy¹,

Viswanathan²,

Abirami³

et al. 2019

Biotech and App Biochem

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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are one of the most important biopolyesters produced by vast number of microorganisms that exist in the environment. PHAs gained much attention due to its inherent biodegradable and biocompatible ability along with its physicochemical properties, which are similar to those of conventional petroleum-based plastics. In the present study, PHA producing bacterial strains was isolated from earthworm. Initially, four bacterial strains were selected based on the intensity of fluorescence from 80 non-clonal isolates. Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) E101 was identified as the bacterium producing highest yield of PHA (3.6 ± 0.04 g L −1 ) through biochemical and molecular techniques such as 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Growth parameters such as carbon, nitrogen sources, and incubation time were optimized with respect to higher PHA production. Both qualitative (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance) and quantitative (GC-MS) characterizations revealed that the polymer produced by B.t.E101 contains the characteristic peaks for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyvalerate) copolymer. This is the first report for the occurrence, successful isolation, and characterization of PHA producing Bacillus sp. from earthworm.

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Characterization of possible symbionts in Onychochaeta borincana (Annelida: Glossoscolecidae)

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Gut wall bacteria of earthworms: a natural selection process

Gut wall bacteria of earthworms: a natural selection process

Efficacy of Vermiremediation to Remove Contaminants from Soil

Production and characterization of PHB‐HV copolymer by Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from Eisenia foetida

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