Characterization of Soybean <i>STAY-GREEN</i> Genes in Susceptibility to Foliar Chlorosis of Sudden Death Syndrome

Chang, Hao‐Xun; Tan, Ruijuan; Hartman, G. L.; Zhang, Wen; Sang, Hyunkyu; Domier, Leslie L.; Whitham, Steven A.; Wang, Dechun; Chilvers, Martin I.

doi:10.1104/pp.19.00046

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, much less is tucumaniae homogeneously mixed in the soil, compared with the uninoculated control (Rosati et al, 2018), and in leaf disks from a susceptible soybean cultivar infiltrated with the recombinant FvTox1 from F. virguliforme compared with the control (Brar et al, 2011). This chlorophyll degradation by F. virguliforme toxins is associated with soybean STAY GREEN genes (Chang et al, 2019). Our findings that foliar disease severity of stem cuttings incubated with cell-free culture filtrates do not correlate with results obtained from the whole plant root inoculation assay agree with a previous report (Xiang et al, 2015).…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and toxicity of Fusarium tucumaniae and Fusarium crassistipitatum to soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2020

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Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean is a fungal disease caused by at least four distinct Fusarium species: F. tucumaniae, F. virguliforme, F. brasiliense, and F. crassistipitatum. All four species are present in Argentina. These fungi are soilborne pathogens that only colonize roots and cause root necrosis. However, damage also reaches the aboveground part of the plant, and foliar chlorosis and necrosis, followed by premature defoliation, can be observed. Although the pathogenicity and phytotoxicity of F. virguliforme has been well characterized, knowledge regarding disease development by other fungal species is scarce. In this study, two plant species, soybean (Glycine max) and Arabidopsis thaliana, and isolates from two fungal species, F. tucumaniae and F. crassistipitatum, were used to comparatively analyse the fungal pathogenicity and the phytotoxicity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and cell‐free culture filtrates. Fungal inoculation had a significant effect on plant growth, regardless of the plant species. In addition, infected soybean plants showed disease incidence and foliar and root symptoms. Inhibition of A. thaliana growth was not due to VOCs emitted by fungi. Instead, both pathogens were shown to produce toxins that caused typical SDS foliar symptoms in soybean and root length reduction in A. thaliana. As far as we know, this is the first report that demonstrates that F. tucumaniae and F. crassistipitatum affect A. thaliana growth and emit VOCs, and that F. crassistipitatum produces toxins.

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Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and toxicity of Fusarium tucumaniae and Fusarium crassistipitatum to soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2020

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“…Stay‐green is a secondary trait that allows a delay in foliar senescence and chlorophyll degradation (Kamal et al ., 2019; Luoni et al ., 2019). Two soybean stay‐green genes ( GmSGR1 and GmSGR2 ) have been identified (Fang et al ., 2014; Chang et al ., 2019). A double mutation of GmSGR1 and GmSGR2 genes caused resistance to SDS foliar symptoms due to the lack of chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence (Chang et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Disease Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two soybean stay‐green genes ( GmSGR1 and GmSGR2 ) have been identified (Fang et al ., 2014; Chang et al ., 2019). A double mutation of GmSGR1 and GmSGR2 genes caused resistance to SDS foliar symptoms due to the lack of chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence (Chang et al ., 2019). Stay‐green genes were reported as resistance genes with loss‐of‐susceptibility mechanisms, which have been suggested to provide a broad‐spectrum and durable disease resistance (Chang et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Disease Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A double mutation of GmSGR1 and GmSGR2 genes caused resistance to SDS foliar symptoms due to the lack of chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence (Chang et al ., 2019). Stay‐green genes were reported as resistance genes with loss‐of‐susceptibility mechanisms, which have been suggested to provide a broad‐spectrum and durable disease resistance (Chang et al ., 2019). However, double mutant soybean plants were reported to exhibit interveinal necrosis and fragile leaves in response to phytotoxin treatment (Chang et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Disease Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stay‐green genes were reported as resistance genes with loss‐of‐susceptibility mechanisms, which have been suggested to provide a broad‐spectrum and durable disease resistance (Chang et al ., 2019). However, double mutant soybean plants were reported to exhibit interveinal necrosis and fragile leaves in response to phytotoxin treatment (Chang et al ., 2019). This stay‐green phenotype seems to be a valuable trait for improving SDS foliar symptom resistance, but the associated phenotypic defects should be overcome in future studies.…”

Section: Disease Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soybean sudden death syndrome: Fungal pathogenesis and plant response

2020

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Soybean (Glycine max) is a commercial crop mainly grown in the Americas and Asia. World production is about 348.7 million tonnes over 124.9 million ha in 2018 (last published data, Food and Agricultural Organization, http://www.fao.org/faost at/en/#data/QC, accessed on 18 March 2020). However, yield can be reduced by diseases and insect pests (Allen et al., 2017; Hartman et al., 2016). One important disease, sudden death syndrome (SDS), is caused by soilborne fungal pathogens that infect plants through the roots. These fungi are generally restricted to roots, but symptoms can be found both below and above ground. Root symptoms include necrosis and discoloration of the xylem. Aboveground symptoms include interveinal leaf chlorosis and necrosis (Hartman et al., 2015; Navi and Yang, 2016). These aboveground symptoms are caused by toxins produced by the pathogen in the roots that are translocated to the foliage (Hartman et al., 2015). Given the widespread interest in this soybean disease, as evidenced by the large number of articles published recently (more than 80 since 2015), here, we review experimental evidence on fungal pathogenesis, fungus-soybean interactions and plant disease resistance, symptom evaluation, and treatments, reported over the last five years. We have not covered genome mapping studies because this topic was the focus of recent reviews (Chang et al., 2018;

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Evaluation of soybean germplasm for resistance to Fusarium virguliforme, the major pathogen causing sudden death syndrome of soybean in the United States

et al. 2023

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Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is one of the most important yield limiting diseases of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. In North America, the most common causal species is Fusarium virguliforme O'Donnell & T. Aoki. Yield losses of up to 80% have been reported. Host resistance is among the most sustainable tools to reduce SDS losses, and screening soybean accessions for sources of resistance is a fundamental part of discovering host resistance. This study evaluated 10,144 soybean plant introductions (PIs) in soybean maturity groups (MGs) 000 to X for resistance to F. virguliforme. Using a tiered testing sequence and a seedling-layered inoculum method in the greenhouse, new sources of resistance were identified. In tier VI, 81 of 125 PIs evaluated had mean foliar severity that was equal to or significantly lower than that of the resistant check, PI 567374. In tier VII, 20 PIs with low foliar severity scores representing a range of MGs were further evaluated for foliar response, as well as "relative dry weights"-dry shoot and root weights expressed as a percentage of respective noninoculated plants. At 28 days after planting, 16 PIs had mean foliar severity ratings not significantly different from PI 567374; three of these PIs, 279081, 506757, and 507568, had significantly greater relative dry shoot, root, and total weight than PI 567374. The highly resistant entries reported here will be useful for further studies to understand the resistance mechanisms to F. virguliforme and for breeding programs focused on increasing SDS resistance in elite breeding lines.

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Characterization of Soybean STAY-GREEN Genes in Susceptibility to Foliar Chlorosis of Sudden Death Syndrome

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Pathogenicity and toxicity of Fusarium tucumaniae and Fusarium crassistipitatum to soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana

Pathogenicity and toxicity of Fusarium tucumaniae and Fusarium crassistipitatum to soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana

Soybean sudden death syndrome: Fungal pathogenesis and plant response

Evaluation of soybean germplasm for resistance to Fusarium virguliforme, the major pathogen causing sudden death syndrome of soybean in the United States

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