Soybean sudden death syndrome: Fungal pathogenesis and plant response

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max) is a commercial crop mainly grown in the Americas and Asia. World production is about 348.7 million tonnes over 124.9 million ha in 2018 (last published data, Food and Agricultural Organization, http://www.fao.org/faost at/en/#data/QC, accessed on 18 March 2020). However, yield can be reduced by diseases and insect pests (Allen et al., 2017; Hartman et al., 2016). One important disease, sudden death syndrome (SDS), is caused by soilborne fungal pathogens that infect plants through the roots. These fungi are generally restricted to roots, but symptoms can be found both below and above ground. Root symptoms include necrosis and discoloration of the xylem. Aboveground symptoms include interveinal leaf chlorosis and necrosis (Hartman et al., 2015; Navi and Yang, 2016). These aboveground symptoms are caused by toxins produced by the pathogen in the roots that are translocated to the foliage (Hartman et al., 2015). Given the widespread interest in this soybean disease, as evidenced by the large number of articles published recently (more than 80 since 2015), here, we review experimental evidence on fungal pathogenesis, fungus-soybean interactions and plant disease resistance, symptom evaluation, and treatments, reported over the last five years. We have not covered genome mapping studies because this topic was the focus of recent reviews (Chang et al., 2018;

SOYBEAN RESPONSE TO INITIAL STAGE OF Fusarium virguliforme INFECTION

“…: F. virguliforme, F. tucumaniae, F. brasiliense and F. crassistipitatum (Aoki et al 2005(Aoki et al , 2012. However, F. virguliforme is the most geographically distributed (Spampinato et al 2021). The colonization of these fungi is generally restricted to roots, however SDS causes both root and leaf symptoms.…”

Patterns of Diversity of Fusarium Fungi Contaminating Soybean Grains

“…However, soybean production is threatened by a variety of pathogens [4,5]. Among the most economically important are fungi belonging to the Fusarium solani species complex responsible for soybean sudden death syndrome [6] and the Fusarium oxysporum species complex causing soybean root rot and seedling blight [7].…”

Current recommendations and novel strategies for sustainable management of soybean sudden death syndrome

“…Also, the demand for sustainable agriculture calls for the development of alternative strategies for the control of fungal diseases. In particular, the management of SDS is limited due to the lack of highly resistant cultivars and the availability of only a few fungicides 34,53 . Therefore, the development of new tools for the sustainable management of SDS is required.…”