Characterization of the Linkage between the Type III Capsular Polysaccharide and the Bacterial Cell Wall of Group BStreptococcus

Deng, Lingyi; Kasper, Dennis L.; Krick, Thomas P.; Wessels, Michael R.

doi:10.1074/jbc.275.11.7497

Cited by 89 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This suggested that bfb may have a different function from the three other regulons. Since Streptococcus exopolysaccharide has beta-linked repeating disaccharides (7,43) and its capsule resembles a typical GAG, hyaluronan (34), the expression of these genes in S. gordonii may be needed for the synthesis, remodeling, and/or recycling of cell surface adhesins (glycoproteins) and/or capsule-like polysaccharides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Streptococcus gordonii Beta-Glucoside Metabolism Systems in Adhesion, Biofilm Formation, and In Vivo Gene Expression

Kılıç

Lin

Zhang³

et al. 2004

J Bacteriol

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Streptococcus gordonii genes involved in beta-glucoside metabolism are induced in vivo on infected heart valves during experimental endocarditis and in vitro during biofilm formation on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA). To determine the roles of beta-glucoside metabolism systems in biofilm formation, the loci of these induced genes were analyzed. To confirm the function of genes in each locus, strains were constructed with gene inactivation, deletion, and/or reporter gene fusions. Four novel systems responsible for beta-glucoside metabolism were identified, including three phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase systems (PTS) and a binding protein-dependent sugar uptake system for metabolizing multiple sugars, including beta-glucosides. Utilization of arbutin and esculin, aryl-beta-glucosides, was defective in some mutants. Esculin and oligochitosaccharides induced genes in one of the three beta-glucoside metabolism PTS and in four other genetic loci. Mutation of genes in any of the four systems affected in vitro adhesion to sHA, biofilm formation on plastic surfaces, and/or growth rate in liquid medium. Therefore, genes associated with beta-glucoside metabolism may regulate S. gordonii in vitro adhesion, biofilm formation, growth, and in vivo colonization.Streptococcus gordonii is a pioneer colonizer on the surface of human teeth, initiating the formation of dental plaque (25).Although not directly associated with dental or gingival diseases in the oral cavity, S. gordonii colonizes damaged heart valves once it enters the bloodstream in the experimental rabbit (15) and is considered to cause endocarditis in humans (1,8,12). Thus, the virulence of S. gordonii is reflected in its ability to adhere, colonize, and survive in the heart, where it is a pathogen, and on teeth in the oral cavity, where it is not. Its virulence in a specific environment may reflect expression of genes uniquely in that environment.Using an in vivo expression technology (IVET) library constructed in S. gordonii V288, at least 13 genes were shown to be expressed in vivo on infected heart valves during experimental endocarditis, but they were unexpressed in vitro under laboratory conditions (15). Since expression occurred only on heart valves, these genes were suggested to contribute to virulence and perhaps pathogenicity. Similarly, S. gordonii genes expressed during in vitro colonization of saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA) were identified using the IVET library (17). Among the genes expressed during colonization of sHA and damaged heart valves in the rabbit were beta-glucoside metabolism-encoding genes. We therefore initiated in vitro studies to understand how the beta-glucoside metabolism genes might contribute to colonization of heart valves in infective endocarditis and on sHA.Bacteria ferment beta-glucoside sugar substrates, including cellobiose, arbutin, salicin, and esculin. While common in plants and useful in establishing phenotypic fermentation patterns of bacteria, the aryl-beta-disaccharides are not found in mammali...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Streptococcus gordonii Beta-Glucoside Metabolism Systems in Adhesion, Biofilm Formation, and In Vivo Gene Expression

Kılıç

Lin

Zhang³

et al. 2004

J Bacteriol

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“…In the case of EPS, this association is loose and easily disrupted. In Gram-positive species, the CPS is covalently anchored to peptidoglycan by as-yet-unknown mechanisms (125).…”

Section: Fig 5 Eps and Cps Biosynthesis Pathways (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sweet Tooth of Bacteria: Common Themes in Bacterial Glycoconjugates

Tytgat

Lebeer

2014

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

129

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SUMMARY Humans have been increasingly recognized as being superorganisms, living in close contact with a microbiota on all their mucosal surfaces. However, most studies on the human microbiota have focused on gaining comprehensive insights into the composition of the microbiota under different health conditions (e.g., enterotypes), while there is also a need for detailed knowledge of the different molecules that mediate interactions with the host. Glycoconjugates are an interesting class of molecules for detailed studies, as they form a strain-specific barcode on the surface of bacteria, mediating specific interactions with the host. Strikingly, most glycoconjugates are synthesized by similar biosynthesis mechanisms. Bacteria can produce their major glycoconjugates by using a sequential or an en bloc mechanism, with both mechanistic options coexisting in many species for different macromolecules. In this review, these common themes are conceptualized and illustrated for all major classes of known bacterial glycoconjugates, with a special focus on the rather recently emergent field of glycosylated proteins. We describe the biosynthesis and importance of glycoconjugates in both pathogenic and beneficial bacteria and in both Gram-positive and -negative organisms. The focus lies on microorganisms important for human physiology. In addition, the potential for a better knowledge of bacterial glycoconjugates in the emerging field of glycoengineering and other perspectives is discussed.

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“…The nascent CPS is removed from the lipid through a phosphotransferase reaction and subsequently linked to a single membraneanchored repeating unit (9). The final product is a CPS that is removed from the membrane lipid and covalently attached to GlcNAc in the peptidoglycan backbone (CPS-PG) (10). This linkage effectively renders further polymerization impossible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In S. agalactiae, the CPS is covalently attached to the cell wall peptidoglycan (10). Certain mutant strains had little CPS attached to the bacterial cell surface (Fig.…”

Section: Aberrant Cps Production and Localization In Cpsabcd Mutantmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Streptococcus agalactiae Capsule Polymer Length and Attachment Is Determined by the Proteins CpsABCD

Toniolo

Balducci

Romano

et al. 2015

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Characterization of the Linkage between the Type III Capsular Polysaccharide and the Bacterial Cell Wall of Group BStreptococcus

Cited by 89 publications

References 37 publications

Involvement of Streptococcus gordonii Beta-Glucoside Metabolism Systems in Adhesion, Biofilm Formation, and In Vivo Gene Expression

Involvement of Streptococcus gordonii Beta-Glucoside Metabolism Systems in Adhesion, Biofilm Formation, and In Vivo Gene Expression

The Sweet Tooth of Bacteria: Common Themes in Bacterial Glycoconjugates

Streptococcus agalactiae Capsule Polymer Length and Attachment Is Determined by the Proteins CpsABCD

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