Characterization of the water-insoluble fraction from fast pyrolysis liquids (pyrolytic lignin). Part IV: Structure elucidation of oligomeric molecules

Bayerbach, Rolf; Meier, Dietrich

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2008.10.021

Cited by 198 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…70 organic species -such as anhydrosugars, acids, furans, ketones, alcohols and phenol derivatives -were quantified in bio-oils; they represent more than 40% of water-free bio-oil, in agreement with typical bio-oil analysis [35]. High yields of anhydrosugars, acids, furans, aldehydes and ketons were obtained whereas few phenol derivatives -phenols, guaiacols and syringols -were detected.…”

Section: Catalytic Effects Of Metal Salts On Bio-oil Compositionssupporting

confidence: 69%

Catalytic effect of metal nitrate salts during pyrolysis of impregnated biomass

Eibner

Broust

Blin

et al. 2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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b s t r a c tCatalytic pyrolysis is a promising way to improve bio-oil product quality. In this study, metal salts were directly impregnated in biomass to generate in situ catalysts and investigate their impact on pyrolysis products. Seven metals -Ce, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn -were selected and impregnated in eucalyptus using nitrate salts. A fixed-bed reactor, pre-heated at 500• C and inerted with N 2 flow, was used for pyrolysis. Both gas and bio-oil compositions were analysed, paying particular attention to the production of anhydrosugars. The anhydrosugar yields were found to be strongly influenced by the presence of metal salt catalysts. In particular, both Zn and Co salts yielded more anhydrosugars in comparison with catalyst-free sample. Moreover, LAC (1-hydroxy-(1R)-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one) was produced in higher amounts than levoglucosan which is commonly produced without any catalyst. Metals were found to remain in all chars and tended to form metal-based nanoparticles (e.g. Cu 0 , Ni 0 , ZnO) able to act as in situ catalysts during the pyrolysis process. It seems that those metal nanoparticles are closely related to LAC production. In parallel to metal cations, nitrates were also suspected to play a significant role during pyrolysis. The suspected impact of anions on levoglucosenone production is discussed. Concerning gas yields, the impregnated nitrate salts were found to strongly affect CO 2 production.

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Section: Catalytic Effects Of Metal Salts On Bio-oil Compositionssupporting

confidence: 69%

Catalytic effect of metal nitrate salts during pyrolysis of impregnated biomass

Eibner

Broust

Blin

et al. 2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…Fast pyrolysis of the lignin produced monomeric phenolic compounds and oligomers with different degrees of polymerization [32][33][34][35]. It is believed that the lignin-derived products are mainly responsible for the high molecular weight and viscosity of bio-oils, and thus, one of the aims of using catalysts in the pyrolysis process is to crack these products into lighter ones.…”

Section: Catalytic Effects On the Phenolic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Vapors with Nano Metal Oxides: An Analytical Py-GC/MS Study

et al. 2010

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Fast pyrolysis of poplar wood followed with catalytic cracking of the pyrolysis vapors was performed using analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The catalysts applied in this study were nano MgO, CaO, TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , NiO and ZnO. These catalysts displayed different catalytic capabilities towards the pyrolytic products. The catalysis by CaO significantly reduced the levels of phenols and anhydrosugars, and eliminated the acids, while it increased the formation of cyclopentanones, hydrocarbons and several light compounds. ZnO was a mild catalyst, as it only slightly altered the pyrolytic products. The other four catalysts all decreased the linear aldehydes dramatically, while the increased the ketones and cyclopentanones. They also reduced the anhydrosugars, except for NiO. Moreover, the catalysis by Fe 2 O 3 resulted in the formation of various hydrocarbons. However, none of these catalysts except CaO were able to greatly reduce the acids.

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“…14,[28][29][30][31] The PL distribution is shown in Figure 14. The content varies from 3 to 29 wt% on wet basis (6 to 32 wt% on dry basis.…”

Section: Pyrolytic Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results of the International Energy Agency Round Robin on Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil Production

et al. 2017

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An international round robin study of the production of fast pyrolysis bio-oil was undertaken. A total of 15 institutions in six countries contributed. Three biomass samples were distributed to the laboratories for processing in fast pyrolysis reactors. Samples of the bio-oil produced were transported to a central analytical laboratory for analysis. The round robin was focused on validating the pyrolysis community understanding of production of fast pyrolysis bio-oil by providing a common feedstock for bio-oil preparation. The round robin included: distribution of three feedstock samples, hybrid poplar, wheat straw, and a blend of lignocellulosic biomasses, from a common source to each participating laboratory, preparation of fast pyrolysis bio-oil in each laboratory with the three feedstocks provided, and return of the three bio-oil products (minimum of 500 mL) with operational description to a central analytical laboratory for bio-oil property determination. The analyses of interest were CHN, S, trace element analysis, water, ash, solids, pyrolytic lignin, density, viscosity, carboxylic acid number, and accelerated aging of bio-oil. In addition, an effort was made to compare the bio-oil components to the products of analytical pyrolysis through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The results showed that clear differences can occur in fast pyrolysis bio-oil properties by applying different process configurations and reactor designs in small scale. The comparison to the analytical pyrolysis method suggested that pyrolysis (Py)–GC/MS could serve as a rapid qualitative screening method for bio-oil composition when produced in small-scale fluid-bed reactors. Gel permeation chromatography was also applied to determine molecular weight information. Furthermore, hot vapor filtration generally resulted in the most favorable bio-oil product, with respect to water, solids, viscosity, and carboxylic acid number. These results can be helpful in understanding the variation in bio-oil production methods and their effects on bio-oil product composition.

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Characterization of the water-insoluble fraction from fast pyrolysis liquids (pyrolytic lignin). Part IV: Structure elucidation of oligomeric molecules

Cited by 198 publications

References 32 publications

Catalytic effect of metal nitrate salts during pyrolysis of impregnated biomass

Catalytic effect of metal nitrate salts during pyrolysis of impregnated biomass

Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Vapors with Nano Metal Oxides: An Analytical Py-GC/MS Study

Results of the International Energy Agency Round Robin on Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil Production

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