Characterization of Water Extractable Crude Polysaccharides from Cherry, Raspberry, and Ginseng Berry Fruits: Chemical Composition and Bioactivity

Abstract

Water extractable crude polysaccharides from three sweet cherry varieties, raspberries, and ginseng berry pulp were evaluated for their chemical composition, structural features, molecular weight, and bioactive properties. The yields of the crude polysaccharides isolated from cherries, raspberries, and ginseng berry pulp ranged from 0.79 to 0.18% on a dry weight fruit basis. All of the crude polysaccharides contained protein, phenolic compounds, and uronic acid. Each crude polysaccharide contained the sugar monomers: rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose. Of the water extractable polysaccharides obtained from the mature fruits, the crude polysaccharides from the raspberries had the highest molecular weight while the crude polysaccharides from the ginseng berry pulp had the smallest molecular weight. Results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that the crude polysaccharides contained a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms in a D-glucopyranose ring and a protein component. The crude polysaccharides from cherries, raspberries, and ginseng berry pulp were shown to possess antioxidant activity as determined with the ferric reducing antioxidant power and the 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. The effect of crude polysaccharides on: (1) caspase 3 activation, which was determined using a hypoxia/reoxygenation model, and (2) immunostimulation, which was determined by evaluating the inflammatory mediator response, were examined. Only crude polysaccharides obtained from certain varieties of sweet cherries inhibited caspase 3 activation in a dose-dependent manner, while only the crude polysaccharides obtained from ginseng berry pulp stimulated immune function. Crude polysaccharides present in small fruits do possess bioactivities that may enhance human health.

Alkali treated antioxidative crude polysaccharide from Russula alatoreticula potentiates murine macrophages by tunning TLR/NF-κB pathway

“…Besides, the spectrum illustrated characteristic bands within 1200–1000 cm −1 that could be assigned to glycosidic linkage (C-C and C-O stretching vibration of pyranose ring). The signal of 899 cm −1 could be attributed to C-H band in β-configuration 16,17 . Based on aforementioned results, it could be assumed that RualaCap was a carbohydrate rich fraction consisting sugar units in β-type configuration.…”

Structure Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of a Novel Polysaccharide from Katan Seeds

“…The bands below 1000 cm also reported the visible bands' presence and/or possible linkages between molecules of monosaccharide [ 35 ]. In fact, the observed peak approximately at 844 cm −1 was attributed to be a characteristic of α -configuration in this polysaccharide [ 36 ].…”

Anti-Cancer Effects of Panax ginseng Berry Polysaccharides via Activation of Immune-Related Cells

“…There is strong evidence to suggest that ingesting phytochemicals that are naturally present in fruits or vegetables is more effective than purified products or extracts of the same chemicals (Boivin et al, 2009). In addition, waterextractable polysaccharides can also contribute to the beneficial health effects of fruits such as ginseng berry (Ross et al, 2015). There is already evidence for chemoprevention and anti-cancer effects of numerous polysaccharides extracted from various herbs, which are exerted via immune response of host organism (Liu et al, 2011;Bai et al, 2012;Li et al, 2013).…”