Characterizing Consecutive Flooding Events after the 2017 Mt. Salto Wildfires (Southern Italy): Hazard and Emergency Management Implications

Esposito, Giuseppe; Parodi, Antonio; Lagasio, Martina; Masi, Rocco; Nanni, Giovanni Ettore; Russo, Filiberto; Alfano, Stefano; Giannatiempo, Gaetano

doi:10.3390/w11122663

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…From archive records and local testimonies, flows older than those that occurred during the October 25-26, 1954 event, which are predominant in the area, could be recognized and distinguished. After 1954, a few smaller flows and shallow debris slides, mainly related to wildfires that occurred in 2007 (Calcaterra et al, 2007) and during the 2017 summer (Esposito et al, 2017), have been inventoried. Moreover, the LOOM hierarchical aggregation procedure allowed handling landslides' spatial and temporal overlap.…”

Section: The Landslide Object-oriented Model Application Of the Cis_2...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Object-Oriented Mapping as a Tool for the Assessment of Landslide Hazard in Higly Urbanized Areas

2022

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The assessment and mitigation of landslide risk affecting hillslopes in highly urbanized and infrastructured environments are often problematic due to the inadequacy of the traditional approach based on landslide inventories and the absence of a shared language between the different scientific-technical operators (geologists, engineers, architects, environmentalists, economists, jurists) and recurrent understanding problems with policymakers, stakeholders, and property owners. Therefore, innovative technologies and working procedures are required to address these problems. In this context, the European INSPIRE Directive and the Italian national Catalog of Territorial Data with the related Geo-Topographic DB provide positive responses in terms of data standardization and transdisciplinary interoperability. On the other hand, the application of the object-oriented geomorphological mapping of landslides and, even more, the recently proposed Landslide Object-Oriented Model (LOOM) make it possible to develop a more thorough approach to assess the spatial and temporal relationships between landslides and affected slopes. Following the above perspective, the InterUniversity Research Center for Prevision and Prevention of Great Risks (C.U.G.RI.) produced the LOOM-based “eventory” of landslides over a sector of the Tyrrhenian coastal belt, northwest of Salerno city, in the framework of a multi-disciplinary investigation project launched by the Campania Regional Administration to assess the landslide risk. The quantitative assessment of the geomorphological expert-judgment procedures has been carried out exploiting morphometric indexes: the Topographic Position Index (TPI) for automatic slope features recognition, and the Slope-Area plots for surficial process domains. Furthermore, the application of the INSPIRE, and related Italian National Geo-Topographic DB standards allowed transdisciplinary interaction between scientists, technicians, and managers. Such proposal can support the risk management procedure, adding in the Value Judgement and Risk Tolerance Criteria simplicity and effective interoperability in trans-disciplinary frameworks.

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Section: The Landslide Object-oriented Model Application Of the Cis_2...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Object-Oriented Mapping as a Tool for the Assessment of Landslide Hazard in Higly Urbanized Areas

2022

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“…Here, landslides contribute to the dismantling of volcanic edifices by displacing rock masses that form the 30 volcanic flanks (Siebert and Roverato, 2021;Di Traglia et al, 2020;Williams et al, 2019;Walter et al, 2019;Oehler et al, 2004;Ablay and Hürlimann, 2000), involving in some cases the submarine domain of the edifices (Dufresne et al, 2021;Coombs et al, 2007;Masson et al, 2006;Watts et al, 2012;Casalbore et al, 2020;Chiocci et al, 2008). Weakly welded pyroclastic deposits covering volcanic or non-volcanic slopes can be also mobilized in response to rainfall or snow and ice melting, by means of rapid or extremely rapid debris and hyperconcentrated flows resulting in the so-called "lahars" 35 (Lavigne and Thouret, 2002;Capra et al, 2004;Esposito et al, 2017Esposito et al, , 2019Thouret et al, 2020). Lahars may be "syneruptive" if they occur simultaneously with volcanic activity, or "secondary" (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A geodatabase of historical landslide events occurred in the highly urbanized volcanic area of Campi Flegrei, Italy

Esposito

Matano

2022

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Abstract. The analysis of geological processes threatening people and properties in a populated region should be based on a comprehensive knowledge of historical events and related characteristics. This type of information is essential for predisposing event scenarios, validating prediction models, and planning risk mitigation measures. Such activities may be more complex in some geological settings, where urban settlements are exposed to multi-hazard conditions. This is the case of the densely populated Campi Flegrei volcanic area located in the Campania region, southern Italy. Here, volcanic and seismic hazards are associated with landslides, floods, and coastal erosion, which are playing a relevant role in the landscape modelling. The CAmpi Flegrei LAndslide Geodatabase (CAFLAG), here presented, provides information related to 2302 landslides that occurred in the continental, coastal and insular sectors of this area, during the 1828–2017 time interval. Data associated to the collected landslide events permitted to identify the characteristics of both landslides and of the affected sites. Most of the mass movements consist of rock falls, affecting rocky slopes formed by lithified volcanic rocks, such as lava, tuff or ignimbrite. In addition, rainfall-induced earth and debris slides translating into debris flows or avalanches occur along steep slopes mantled by weakly welded pyroclastic airfall deposits, similarly to other areas of the region. The highest density of landslides results along the coastline where they are contributing to the retreat of coastal cliffs, and along inland slopes exposed towards the western directions. Temporal information shows an increase of the annual frequency of landslides since the ’80s, with peaks in the years 1986, 1997, 2005. Regarding the human impact, a total of 127 people lost their life as consequence of 53 fatal landslides occurred in the last century. On the other side, the frequency of deadly events is decreasing since the early 1990s. Despite this, landslides continue to represent a societal risk in the area, requiring therefore to be fully addressed with advanced knowledge and accurate scenarios, which need to be developed by taking into account also the effects of the ongoing climate change. The full database is freely available online at: https://doi.org/10.4121/14440757.v2 (Esposito and Matano, 2021).

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“…Contrarily, a correlation between wildfires and the occurrence of debris flows has been rarely observed or analyzed in Italy [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildfires Effect on Debris Flow Occurrence in Italian Western Alps: Preliminary Considerations to Refine Debris Flow Early Warnings System Criteria

2021

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Rarely, a close correlation between wildfires and the occurrence of channelized debris flows has been observed in the Western Italian Alps. Only two cases in history have been reported, after brief and localized rainfall events of moderate intensity in Italy's Piemonte region (NW Italy) caused debris flows, on 18 July 2005, in Verbania province (Pallanzeno municipality), and on June 2018 in Turin province (Bussoleno municipality). These phenomena occurred after a large portion of the catchments were affected by wide wildfires in the preceding months. Debris flow deposits showed an unusually large number of fine-grained particles, forming dark-brown mud-rich deposits associated with burnt wood deposits. Rainfall analysis related to the period between the wildfires' occurrence and the debris flow events, using both raingauge and weather radar data, pointed out that the debris flows triggered in July 2005 and June 2018 were characterized by greater magnitude but associated with less precipitation intensity rates as compared with previous mud flows occurring just after wildfires. These behaviors can be explained by the presence of burned organic material and fine-grained sediment, generated from the soil's thermal reworking, which formed a thick layer, centimeters deep, covering a large percentage of catchments and slopes. Most of this layer, generated by wildfires’ action were winnowed by rainfall events that had occurred in the months before the debris flow events, of significant magnitude, exhuming a discontinuous hydrophobic soil surface that changed the slopes’ permeability characteristics. In such conditions, runoff increased, corrivation time shortened, and, consequently, discharge along the two catchments’ channels-network increased as well. Consequently, the rainfall effects associated with rainfall events in July 2005 and June 2019 were more effective in mobilizing coarse sediments in channel beds than was typical for those catchments.

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Characterizing Consecutive Flooding Events after the 2017 Mt. Salto Wildfires (Southern Italy): Hazard and Emergency Management Implications

Cited by 17 publications

References 69 publications

Object-Oriented Mapping as a Tool for the Assessment of Landslide Hazard in Higly Urbanized Areas

Object-Oriented Mapping as a Tool for the Assessment of Landslide Hazard in Higly Urbanized Areas

A geodatabase of historical landslide events occurred in the highly urbanized volcanic area of Campi Flegrei, Italy

Wildfires Effect on Debris Flow Occurrence in Italian Western Alps: Preliminary Considerations to Refine Debris Flow Early Warnings System Criteria

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