Chemical analyses, antibacterial activity and genetic diversity assessment of some Egyptian Citrus spp. cultivars

Abstract

Citrus species are among the most important fruit trees in the world and are considered as a major export product of Egypt. Forty-eight Citrus L. accessions representing six citrus groups (orange, mandarin, lemon, sour orange, grape fruit and pummelo) were collected. Chemical proprieties including pH, total acidity, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid of different fruit juices were determined. Eight accessions representing different citrus groups were screened for their antibacterial activity against five pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus spp. and Bacillus pumilus). Lemon and lime accessions exhibited the highest antibacterial activity compared to the standard antibiotics (ampicillin and streptomycin). However, grapefruit and pummelo accessions showed no inhibitory effect. Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers were used to study the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among citrus accessions. The highest level of polymorphism (71%) was detected amongst lemon and lime accessions, whereas, the lowest percentage of polymorphism (18%) was identified within the sour orange group. The phylogenetic tree separated the varieties into discrete clusters according to their respective citrus group. Citrus groups were initially divided into two main clusters at 0.18 level of similarity. Lemon, lime, mandarin and sour orange were grouped in the first cluster, while sweet orange, grapefruit and pummelo were nested in the second cluster.

Anti-bacterial Activity of <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i>, <i>Secamore afzelli</i> and <i>Jaundea pinnata</i> Against Plasmid-bearing Multiple Antibiotics Resistant Bacteria from Different Water Sources in Akure, Nigeria

“…Also, the small molecular size possessed by antibiotic as reported by [13] aids the solubility of antibiotic in diluents as this could enhance their penetration through the cell wall into the cytoplasm of the organism. Varying degrees of susceptibility of organisms to Ethanol, Petroleum ether and aqueous extracts of T. diversifolia, S afzelli and J. pinnata are compatible with other results published by other workers such as [14,15]. The result from the MIC indicates that some the plant extract can be effective at concentration as low as 3.125mg/ml.…”

Genetic Diversity and Characterization of Sweet Lemon (Citrus limetta) Fruits

“…Several studies highlighting the antioxidant activity in C. limetta juice were performed, as reported in Barreca, Bellocco, Caristi, Leuzzi, and Gattuso (2011), and Perez, Jiménez-Ferrer, Alonso, Botello-Amaro, and Zamilpa (2010) as well studies assessing the genetic evaluation of orange trees grafted onto lemon hybrid species aiming to obtain resistance to diseases (Pompeu Junior, Blumer, & Resende, 2013). Youseif et al (2014) evaluated the chemical properties and the genetic diversity of C. limetta juice through DNA extraction and Al-Anbari et al (2014) evaluated the genetic diversity among C. limetta and others fifteen genotypes of citrus using RAPD markers. However, there are no studies aiming for the characterization of fruits from this species, and the evaluation of the genetic diversity is scarce and needs updated works that corroborates these studies.…”

Postharvest physiology and biochemistry of Valencia orange after coatings with chitosan nanoparticles as edible for green mold protection under room storage conditions

“…The Valencia orange [ Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck)] is the most exported citrus fruit among other citrus species in Egypt ( Sameh et al., 2014 ), and its fruit products are largely consumed as juice and are in demand worldwide ( FAO, 2020 ). The late cultivar Valencia orange under Egyptian conditions is the dominant cultivar grown on newly reclaimed desert lands ( Mansey et al., 2021 ).…”