Chemical and Enantioselective Analysis of the Leaf Essential Oil from Piper coruscans Kunth (Piperaceae), a Costal and Amazonian Native Species of Ecuador

Abstract

In the present study, an essential oil was distilled from the leaves of Piper coruscans Kunth, a native Amazonian species belonging to the family Piperaceae and quite common in Ecuador. The chemical analysis was performed by GC-MS (qualitative) and GC-FID (quantitative), on polar and non-polar columns, detecting a total of 58 compounds of which 52 were identified. All the identified compounds were quantified. The essential oil was mainly constituted of sesquiterpenes (54.1–55.0%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenoids (32.5–33.6%), the major constituents being: (E)-β-caryophyllene (24.1–25.0%), α-humulene (11.6–12.0%), caryophyllene oxide (9.3–10.9%), linalool (4.5–5.2%), humulene epoxide II (3.6–4.1%), (E)-nerolidol (3.7–4.0%), α-copaene (3.7–3.9%), α-muurolol (3.4–3.7%), α-selinene (3.4–3.5%), β-selinene (3.1–3.3%), and one undetermined oxygenated sesquiterpenoid (3.1–3.3%). The aqueous phase (hydrolate) of the distillation process was also submitted to chemical analysis, showing linalool as the main organic compound in solution, with a concentration of 12.3–15.7 mg/100 mL. The essential oil was than analyzed for the enantiomeric distribution of its monoterpene constituents, affording the following enantiomeric excesses in two β-cyclodextrin-based enantioselective columns: (1S,5S)-(-)-α-pinene (60.0–69.6%), (1S,5S)-(-)-β-pinene (5.2–7.2%), (R)-(-)-α-phellandrene (72.5–78.2%), (R)-(+)-limonene (28.6%) and (R)-(-)-linalool (1.8–3.1%).

The Flower Essential Oil of Dalea mutisii Kunth (Fabaceae) from Ecuador: Chemical, Enantioselective, and Olfactometric Analyses

“…The following thermal program was used: 50 °C, held for 5 min, rising to 220 °C at a rate of 2 °C/min, and kept at this temperature for 5 min. The elution order was established according to literature, where enantiomerically pure standards were injected in the same column and conditions [ 3 , 10 ].…”

“…Among natural products, a special interest exists in essential oils (EOs) [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], whose main property is their aroma. In fact, they are defined in the European Pharmacopoeia as “odorous products, usually of complex composition, obtained from a botanically defined plant raw material by steam distillation, dry distillation, or a suitable mechanical process without heating.…”

A New Sesquiterpene Essential Oil from the Native Andean Species Jungia rugosa Less (Asteraceae): Chemical Analysis, Enantiomeric Evaluation, and Cholinergic Activity

“…In addition, a mixture of n-alkanes (C 9 -C 25 ) was injected under the same conditions as for conventional analysis to determine LRIs. The enantiomeric pairs of chiral sesquiterpenes were identified based on the EI-MS spectra and elution order, determined according to literature data for the same chiral selector [53,54].…”

Chemical and Enantioselective Analysis of the Essential Oils from Different Morphological Structures of Ocotea quixos (Lam.) Kosterm

“…In this context, the authors have been studying for a long time the secondary metabolites of the Ecuadorian flora, as a contribution to the knowledge in its phytochemistry and phytopharmacology [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The reasons of our interest in new EOs reside in the simplicity of their obtention, the potential commercial interest, the range of biological activities (most of them unexplored), and the fact that, so far, gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and enantioselective analysis are not frequently applied to EO investigation [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”