Chemical components of different parts of Strychnos ligustrina, a medicinal plant from Indonesia

Abstract

Strychnos ligustrina Blume is one of the potential plants for medicine that has been used by the local community in Indonesia for traditional medicine. Some studies showed that S. ligustrina parts had different activities, such as antimalarial, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Triterpenoids, phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids were detected in this species. Different plant parts and grow sites may affect the composition of chemical components. Therefore, the present study investigated the chemical components in different parts of S. ligustrina from some grow sites. The chemical components of different plant parts were analyzed by GC-MS and showed 51 compounds in total. The major constituents identified as mome inositol, heptadecene-(8)-carbonic acid-(1), palmitic acid, quinic acid, and stearic acid. The main active constituent of the antimalarial drug, strychnine, was also detected in this study. The PCA and cluster analysis of chemical components resulted in distinguished plant parts into three groups, whereas had shown no difference among the sites. In addition, the crucial compounds of this species that potential for antimalarial, strychnine, are only found in the leaf and stem. It has been shown that the leaf and stem are potential plant parts for the antimalarial agent.

Traditional Use, Phytochemical Composition, and Biological Activities of Sonchus arvensis

“…Based on the results obtained from several researchers, the S. arvensis has various kinds of phytochemical compounds found in all parts of the plant. The content of these phytochemical compounds in plants can be affected by several factors such as the part of the plant used (Rahayu et al, 2022), harvest time (Hasan et al, 2017), extracting solvent, and the amount of concentration used (Fidiyani et al, 2015), extraction method (Utami et al, 2020), and environmental factors where it grows (Utomo et al, 2020). Different harvest times and plant parts can affect the number of phytochemical compounds detected (Hasan et al, 2017).…”

Subchronic toxicity test of Strychnos ligustrina extract and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine phosphate in male and female mice

“…Strychnos ligustrina Blume commonly known as bidara laut in Indonesia is a deciduous tree and belongs to Loganiaceae family (Rahayu et al, 2022;Syafii et al, 2016). The plants taste bitter in all parts of the plant, especially the roots.…”

“…The plants taste bitter in all parts of the plant, especially the roots. In Indonesian people, this plant is commonly used as a traditional medicine: its bark for toothache and burns, root for stomach aches, and seeds and wood for antimalarial effect (Setiawan et al, 2014). Virtual screening found that bioactive compounds, like chlorogenic acid, phyllamycin A, strychnine, and brucine N-oxide, were predicted to have antidiabetic agents (Setiawansyah et al, 2022).…”

“…Phytochemical analysis showed that S. ligustrina wood extract was detected to contain alkaloids, phenol, hydroquinone, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and terpenes (Manurung et al, 2019;Setiawan et al, 2014). The wood of S. ligustrina Blume syn.…”

“…S. lucida R. Br. in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia, was traditionally used to treat people with malaria (Setiawan et al, 2014;Syafii et al, 2016). Syafii et al (2016) successfully identified that two fractions contained from ethanol extract of S. ligustrina wood were noted as an antimalarial activity with IC 50 values of 1.99 (F3) and 0.39 (F4) μg ml −1 .…”