Chemical Composition and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Brazilian Green Propolis on Activated J774A.1 Macrophages

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of Brazilian green propolis (EEP-B) on LPS + IFN-γ or PMA stimulated J774A.1 macrophages. The identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in green propolis extract were performed using HPLC-DAD and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS methods. The cell viability was evaluated by MTT and LDH assays. The radical scavenging ability was determined using DPPH• and ABTS•+. ROS and RNS generation was analyzed by chemiluminescence. NO concentration was detected by the Griess reaction. The release of various cytokines by activated J774A.1 cells was measured in the culture supernatants using a multiplex bead array system based on xMAP technology. Artepillin C, kaempferide, and their derivatives were the main phenolics found in green propolis. At the tested concentrations, the EEP-B did not decrease the cell viability and did not cause the cytotoxicity. EEP-B exerted strong antioxidant activity and significantly inhibited the production of ROS, RNS, NO, cytokine IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-13, TNF-α, G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES in stimulated J774A.1 macrophages. Our findings provide new insights for understanding the anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of Brazilian green propolis extract and support its application in complementary and alternative medicine.

Revisiting Greek Propolis: Chromatographic Analysis and Antioxidant Activity Study

“…Identification and confirmation of compounds was achieved by comparing the m/z values, the retention time and UV absorption spectrum with those of the analytical standards, also considering characteristic works of the relative literature [22,34,35]. ESI ionization proved substantial in producing characteristic ions for the compounds studied (see also “Figures E and F in S1 File” and “Figures A-Z, Figures A1-Z1, and Figures A2-C2 in S2 File”).…”

“…Kaempferide that is the 4’-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol was detected in one out of the eight samples implying that kaempferol, as a plant constituent, might have undergone the respective methylation. Kaempferide was reported as propolis constituent in Italian, Ukranian and FYROM propolis in a 2008 work [65], albeit is usually reported as a component of Brazilian propolis (indicatively see [35]). Sakuranetin is biosynthesized from naringenin, via the action of two agents, the S-adenosyl-L-methionine influenced by the enzyme naringenin-7-o-methyltransferase [66, 67].…”

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Brazilian red propolis extract and formononetin in rodents

“…actions have been demonstrated, like antioxidant (Frozza et al, 2013), anti-nociceptive (Franchin et al, 2012), and anti-inflammatory (Búfalo et al, 2013;Szliszka et al, 2013). These activities are linked to its bioactive compounds and it is noteworthy that propolis from different geographic regions can vary significantly in its chemical composition (López et al, 2014;Piccinelli et al, 2011;Sawaya et al, 2011).…”

The Ethanol Extract of Polish Propolis Exhibits Anti-Proliferative and/or Pro-Apoptotic Effect on HCT 116 Colon Cancer and Me45 Malignant Melanoma Cells In Vitro Conditions.

“…The vast majority of studies demonstrated that propolis reveals substantial properties, including the promotion of soft tissues healing and regeneration/reparation. Apart from its antibacterial [1][2][3][4][5][6], anti-inflammatory [7,8], antioxidant [9][10][11], immunoprotective [12], hepatoprotective activities [13,14], propolis has also anti-proliferative [15][16][17][18][19] and proapoptotic ones [20][21][22][23]. Composition of propolis is diverse and depends on both place of origin and time in which it has been collected.…”