Chemical composition and yield of essential oil from three Croton species

Abstract

Marmeleiros are popularly known for the medicinal properties ascribed to their essential oils. This research aimed to analyze the essential oil of leaves from three Croton species (Croton argyrophylloides, Croton jacobinensis, and Croton sincorensis), to verify whether the daily time and harvest season in the year may interfere with their essential oils performance and composition. From each species, 1,500g of green leaves were harvested in Viçosa do Ceará - CE, at 6am and 12pm, during both dry and rainy seasons. Essential oil extraction was conducted by the method of water vapor drag and chemical profile was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The highest yield was obtained at 12pm in the dry season for C. argyrophylloides and C. jacobinensis, and at 6am in the rainy season for C. sincorensis. Bicyclogermacrene demonstrated higher relative abundance in C. argyrophylloides (28.09 to 30.59%), C. jacobinensis (25.2 to 30.14%), and C. sincorensis (23.86 and 21.71%), and the only exception was at 6am in C. sincorensis, where (E)-caryophyllene was the most abundant compound (25.34%). The yield and composition of the studied species were influenced by rainfall, temperature, and sunlight, presenting statistical significant differences between the different periods studied. The species produce constituents with specific biological properties; and therefore, they can be used as a natural source.

Larvicidal Activity of Croton Rhamnifolioides(pax Hoffm) Essential Oil Encapsulated in a Polymeric Nanosystem Against the Mosquito Aedes Aegypti

“…Santos et al (2014) obtiveram, para a mesma espécie do gênero Croton, um teor de 0,80%. Souza et al (2017), avaliando três espécies de Croton verificaram a influência da pluviosidade, temperatura e incidência solar sobre o rendimento e a composição dos seus óleos essenciais. Diversos fatores como horário de coleta da amostra, idade da planta, condições climáticas,influenciam tanto o teor de óleo essencial como a sua composição química (Kerrola, 1994;Carvalho, 2006).…”

Acaricidal activity of cashew nut shell liquid associated with essential oils from Cordia verbenacea and Psidium guajava on Rhipicephalus microplus

“…CNSL was purchased from Eurocaju Company (Altos, Piauí, Brazil). The essential oils were obtained by applying the technique of distillation by water vapor drag in a Linax® essential oil extract model D20 (16). Nearly 20 kg of fresh leaves of C. verbenacea and P. guajava were extracted during 3 h and the yields obtained were 0.12% and 0.15%, respectively.…”

Croton argyrophyllus Kunth and Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth: Phytochemical characterization and bioactive properties

“…Nevertheless, for each species, the composition of the essential oils varies. The observed differences could be attributed to a range of factors: geographical origin of plants, the characteristics of the soil and climatic conditions; season of sample collection (Gupta et al, 2011;Verma and Shukla, 2015); genetic factors and development of adaptive structures to the region; the time of collection along the day (Souza et al, 2017); and extraction conditions, among others. Other important aspect could be related to different chemotypes inside of the same species as noticed in other medicinal plants produced in the same biome.…”

“…Different chemical classes of compounds were identified in Croton species, such as terpenoids and phenylpropanoids, which could be related to the biological activity demonstrated by their species (Aguiar et al, 2016). Concerning to C. heliotropiifolius and C. argyrophyllus some important terpenic compounds, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, were identified namely limonene, β-caryophyllene, spathulenol, bicyclogermacrene and germacrene D (Fontenelle et al, 2008;Angélico et al, 2014;Souza et al, 2017). Plant extracts and essential oils are good sources of molecules such as terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins (Sun et al, 2015), that possess important biological activities.…”