Chemical Composition of Blackberry Press Cake, Polyphenolic Extract, and Defatted Seeds, and Their Effects on Cecal Fermentation, Bacterial Metabolites, and Blood Lipid Profile in Rats

Abstract

Blackberry fiber (BF), extracted blackberry fiber (EBF), defatted blackberry seeds (DBS), and blackberry polyphenols (BP) were added to the diets of rats. A control diet, fiber diets (BF, EBF, DBS) with 6% addition instead of cellulose, and a polyphenol diet (BP) with 1% addition were administered for 4 weeks. BF and DBS contained polyphenols (3.6%); EBF did not. DBS was free of fat. Ellagitannins were the main phenolics, mostly dimers (sanguiin H-6 with isomers) and monomers (pedunculagin, casuarictin isomer, and sanguiin H-2 isomer). Trimers (lambertianin C with isomers) and tetramers (lambertianin D) were in the minority. EBF increased the production of propionate and butyrate in the cecum and improved the blood lipid profile. Polyphenols beneficially decreased the activity of cecal β-glucuronidase, but they may have also increased cholesterol levels in blood. Bacterial metabolism of ellagitannins in the colon gave rise to nasutin A and urolithin A.

Concentrations of Blood Serum and Urinal Ellagitannin Metabolites Depend Largely on the Post-Intake Time and Duration of Strawberry Phenolics Ingestion in Rats

“…In the present experiment, urolithin A, nasutin A, urolithin A glucuronide, nasutin A glucuronide were detected in the urine of rats treated with the strawberry phenolic fraction, while urolithin A glucuronide, nasutin A glucuronide and DMEAG were found in their blood serum (Tables 4 and 5). It has been reported that in the case of rats the production of nasutin A and its glucuronide was elevated upon the consumption of bis-hexahydroxydiphenoyl--D-glucose (monomeric ET) and agrimoniin (dimeric ET), while dietary EA caused increased concentrations of urolithin A and its glucuronide in the gastrointestinal digesta as well as the inner biological fl uids: blood, lymph, and urine [Jurgoński et al, 2017]. Our results showed that urolithin A and urolithin A glucuronide were present in the urine of rats despite the fact that the phenolic fraction contained only trace amounts of EA.…”

“…Many authors while conducting studies on human volunteers but also on laboratory rodents observed huge differences between individuals within a group in relation to concentrations of ET metabolites [Kosmala et al, 2017; Tomá s-Barberá n et al, 2017]. In the present experiment, the standard error of the mean (SEM) values calculated for each group, and each metabolite were not as high as expected, hence the differences observed between treatments were statistically signifi cant, thus giving the opportunity to observe biological relationships in the ET metabolites formation.…”

Select Polyphenol-Rich Berry Consumption to Defer or Deter Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications

“…The increased cecal glycoside concentration and secondary metabolites improved glucose consumption ( Table 1 ) [ 290 ]. The increased cecal SCFA concentration suggested an increase in SCFA-producing bacteria; however, the relative abundance of different bacterial groups was not reported [ 130 ]. Blackberry treatment altered the gut microfloral composition by increasing cecal Bacteriodetes over Firmicutes.…”

Characterization of bioactive compounds in the biomass of black locust, poplar and willow

“…For this reason, studies on bioactive compounds of poplars focus on the raw material of buds. The supercritical fluid extraction has been widely used in the separation of phenolic compounds from different plant materials (Kosmala et al 2017;Michalak et al 2016;Rój et al 2017). This is evidenced by a number of applications provided by the researchers so far.…”