“…Municipal solid waste has been dumped at a site on the fringe of Kolkata, India since the middle of the 19 th century. Gupta et al 224 studied the way soil in this area had evolved over time. Samples from three different layers, from six areas were collected for analysis, rstly by a radio-isotope sourced EDXRF system followed by a commercial polarised EDXRF spectrometer.…”