Chemical Composition of Some Forage Grasses. II. Successive Cuttings During the Growing Season<sup>1</sup>

Sullivan, J. T.; Phillips, T. G.; Loughlin, M. E.; Sprague, V. G.

doi:10.2134/agronj1956.00021962004800010003x

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Agrostis, l/olcus, Phalaris, Phleum. Agropyron, and Stipa are given by Pigden (1953), Sullivan et al (1956), Mackenzie and Wylam (1957), Waite andGorrod (1959), Jarrige (1963). Salo (1965), Evans (1967), and Waite (1970».…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural polysaccharides in leaf blades and sheaths in the Arundinoid grass Chionochloa

Bailey¹,

Connor²

1972

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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SUMMARYLevels of cellulose and hemicellulose were measured in standard leaf samples from four species of Chionochloa (C. flavescens. C. macra, C. Tigida, C. Tubra) after both acid hydrolysis and alkali fractionation. Characteristic ranges of 24-26% hemicellulose and 30-32% cellulose in the leaf samples were obtained. Chionochloa maCTa cellulose (26%) and C. flavescens hemicellulose (22%) were clearly below these values.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural polysaccharides in leaf blades and sheaths in the Arundinoid grass Chionochloa

Bailey¹,

Connor²

1972

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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“…The dry matter content is lower in the spring yield than in later yields (Sullivan et al 1956). Salo et al (1975) observed a decrease in the dry matter content of timothy and meadow fescue during the spring until the leave/stem ratio fell to 1.0-0.8.…”

Section: Development and Growth Of Stand After Seeding Yearmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In the regrowth the decrease in protein content slows down the closer the end of the growing season approaches (Sau and Viiralt 1974). In the autumn the protein content usually surpasses those of the spring and summer yields (Sullivan et al 1956, Winkler et al 1961, Rinne 1976. The stems of young forage are more digestible than the leaves up until flowering (Movat et al 1965).…”

Section: Development and Growth Of Stand After Seeding Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth factors and management technique used in relation to the developmental rhythm and yield formation pattern of a pure grass stand

Pulli

1980

AFSci

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Abstract. The investigation of meadow fescue as a forage crop was carried out at the University of Helsinki in Viikki in 1975 78. The main objective was to study the rhythm of the growth and yield formation pattern of a stand and the relationship between growth pattern and growth factors during different phases of the growing season. The management techniques studied were the number of cuttings, use of nitrogen, requirements of population density and the relationships of management factors to the changes in the quantity and quality of forage yield.The most important growth factors in the seeding year spring and autumn development were the temperature sum and the total radiation available to the plant and nitrogen fertilization beyond the temperature sum range of E 500°C, respectively.During the production years the most important variables in the spring growth were the growing time, the temperature sum and the total radiation. The midsummer and autumn growth were mostly influenced by the total precipitation, amount of nitrogen for the cut and the precipitation during the week before the prior cut.For spring, summer and autumn growth one unit increase in LAI created a DM yield increase of 715, 500 and 315 ha -1 respectively.Increasing the cutting frequency from two to four decreased the total DM yield 2 527 kg ha -1 . The protein content and DM cellulase digestibility increased 4.8 and 13.3 % units respectively. Increasing nitrogen from 130 to 260 kg N ha-1 raised DM and protein yields 1 110 and 485 kg ha-1 , the protein content and DM cellulase digestibility 4.2 and 1.4 % units. The seeding rate requirements for the maximum DM yield were 60 kg ha -1 in the seeding year, 15 -3O kg ha -1 in the second year and 15 kg ha -1 in the third year.The management system involving a seed rate of 30 kg ha-1 , 3 4 cuts and 260 kg N ha-1 is recommended.

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“…Under dry conditions the dry matter content increases if the number of cuts is reduced or the first cut delayed. Also the midsummer dry periods raise the dry matter content of the yields as Sullivan et al (1956) have shown. The dry matter content of the yield was most affected in the spring by temperature and precipitation, in the second cut by the radiation sum, temperature and precipitation, in the third cut by the physiological activity of the stand at the time of the previous cut, precipitation sum and temperature sum and in the autumn cut by the physiological activity of the stand at the time of the previous cut and the amount of precipitation for the previous cut.…”

Section: Dry Matter Content Developmentmentioning

confidence: 60%

Growth factors and management technique used in relation to the developmental rhythm and yield formation pattern of a clover-grass stand

Pulli

1980

AFSci

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Abstract. The effect of the first cutting date and cutting frequency on the clovergrass stand growth and development and on the relationships between plant species were studied at the University of Helsinki in 1974 76. The second study objective was the relationships between several growth factors and the yield components of the stand. The third study area comprised the energy value changes and the photosynthetic activity of the stand during different phases of the growing season.The most rapid growth and development occurred within the temperature range of 400 500°C (27 > 0°C). The late first cutting date increased yields most in the 2-and 3-cutting systems and least in the 4-cutting system, due to two summer cuts during the dry period of the season.Due to the regrowth ability of the species and lack of water in midsummer leading easily to dormancy there was a negative correlation between the first and the second cut and a positive correlation between the following successive cuts.The most important variables in the regression model describing DM production in the first, second, third and fourth cut were temperature sum in degree days, precipitation during the week before the previous cut, amount of precipitation between cuts and the physiological activity of the stand, respectively. The energy value o f spring and autumn DM yield was higher than that of midsummer. The average photosynthetic efficiency was 0.95 % in 1974 and 0.47 % in 1975.The DM content of the yield in spring decreased until the temperature sum of 420°C (27 > 0°C) and then increased linearly.The DM content, protein content, digestibility of DM and protein yield in the total yields were mostly influenced by the first cut if made when the slope showed either decreasing or increasing values of DM content. Otherwise a late first cutting date or low cutting frequency lowered the quality of the forage.In the mixture the spring growth of timothy ceased by the end of June and was replaced by red-clover. The regrowth of timothy ceased by the middle of July and was replaced by meadow fescue. The growth of red clover was the most uniform throughout the entire growing season.

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Chemical Composition of Some Forage Grasses. II. Successive Cuttings During the Growing Season¹

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Structural polysaccharides in leaf blades and sheaths in the Arundinoid grass Chionochloa

Structural polysaccharides in leaf blades and sheaths in the Arundinoid grass Chionochloa

Growth factors and management technique used in relation to the developmental rhythm and yield formation pattern of a pure grass stand

Growth factors and management technique used in relation to the developmental rhythm and yield formation pattern of a clover-grass stand

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Chemical Composition of Some Forage Grasses. II. Successive Cuttings During the Growing Season1

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Structural polysaccharides in leaf blades and sheaths in the Arundinoid grass Chionochloa

Structural polysaccharides in leaf blades and sheaths in the Arundinoid grass Chionochloa

Growth factors and management technique used in relation to the developmental rhythm and yield formation pattern of a pure grass stand

Growth factors and management technique used in relation to the developmental rhythm and yield formation pattern of a clover-grass stand

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Chemical Composition of Some Forage Grasses. II. Successive Cuttings During the Growing Season¹