Chemical Constituents of the Root Barks of Eucommia ulmoides

Abstract

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. ("Du Zhong" in Chinese and "Tu Chung" in Korean), the sole species in the genus Eucommia and family Eucommiaceae, is a deciduous tree indigenous in China and widely cultured in eastern Asian countries [1]. The species is highly valued and commonly used in traditional medicines to treat various diseases, especially to relieve hypertension, protect the nervous system, treat diabetics, cure lower back pain, and prevent miscarriage [2,3]. Previous phytochemical investigations of E. ulmoides were mainly focused on its stem barks and leaves. However, the chemical constituents of E. ulmoides root have not been reported to date. As one chain of our systematic study of this valuable medicinal species, 13 secondary metabolites, including one triterpene [ursolic acid (1)], four phenylpropanoids [chlorogenic acid (2), caffeic acid (3), ferulic acid (4), and p-coumaric acid (5)], and eight flavonoids [luteolin (6), kaempferol (7), quercetin (8), astragalin (9), hirsutin (10), avicularin (11), quercitrin (12), and rutin (13)], were isolated from the root barks of E. ulmoides Equipment. 1 H, 13 C, and correlation NMR spectra were recorded in (CD 3 ) 2 CO or CD 3 OD (Sigma) with TMS (Sigma) as an internal standard on a Bruker Avance DPX 400 spectrometer at the operating frequency of 400 MHz ( 1 H) and 100 MHz ( 13 C). EI and positive FAB-MS spectra were measured with a micromass autospec M363 spectrometer. Eluents were collected using an SBS-160 fraction collector. Thin-layer chromatography were carried out on DC-Plastikfolien Cellulose F (Merck) plates and developed with t-BuOH-AcOH-H 2 O (3:1:1, v/v, solvent A) and AcOH-H 2 O (3:47, v/v, solvent B). Visualization was by UV light (254 and 365 nm) and by spraying with vanillin-AcOH-EtOH (60:0.15:6, w/v/v) or 1% ethanolic FeCl 3 solution followed by heating. 1)

Metabolite Profiles, Bioactivity, and HPLC Fingerprint of Different Varieties of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.: Towards the Utilization of Medicinal and Commercial Chinese Endemic Tree

“…Previous studies have shown that ethyl acetate extract of E. ulmoides flowers had good antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus anthracis , Bacillus subtilis , and Escherichia coli [ 14 ]. The effective components of E. ulmoides include phenolics, flavonoids (such as quercetin and rutin), iridoids (such as geniposide, aucubin, and geniposidic acid), phenylpropanoids (such as chlorogenic acid), lignans (pinoresinol diglucoside), sterols, terpenoids, and polysaccharides [ 15 , 16 ]. Flavonoids are strong antioxidants that can inhibit carcinogenesis [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Biosynthesised palladium nanoparticles using Eucommia ulmoides bark aqueous extract and their catalytic activity

“…Eucommia ulmoides (E. ulmoides), a well-known medicinal plant in China, is abundant in bioactive constituents. Recent studies have demonstrated that E. ulmoides contains many phytochemicals, such as polyphenolics, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and triterpenes [21][22][23]. Its ready-made products, such as E. ulmoides bark tea, capsules, extract and powder, are widely used for nourishing liver and kidney, strengthening muscles and bones, lowering high blood pressure, miscarriage prevention and so on [24].…”

Controllable biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles from a Eucommia ulmoides bark aqueous extract

“…The absorption peak of the E. ulmoides extract was observed at 252 and 300 nm which origins from the unsaturated and aromatic compounds. It has been reported that the E. ulmoides bark contain various organic compounds such as polyphenolics, flavonoids, and triterpenes [14][15][16]. The water soluble compounds present in the aqueous extract were found to be responsible for efficient stabilization of nanoparticles and reduction of metal ions.…”

“…Recent studies have demonstrated that E. ulmoides contains many phytochemicals such as polyphenolics, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and triterpenes [14][15][16]. Its ready-made products, such as E. ulmoides bark tea, capsules, extract, and powder, are widely used for nourishing liver and kidney, strengthening muscles and bones, lowering high blood pressure, miscarriage prevention, and so on [17].…”