Chemical control of <i>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</i> LeConte

Rozen, K. van; Ester, A.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01504.x

Cited by 54 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Current rootworm management practices include non-selective soil insecticides, crop rotation, and rootworm-specific Bt maize hybrids, but each is limited in its scope and effectiveness. Broad-spectrum insecticides applied as seed treatments, directly to the soil, and for adult rootworm control pose environmental and human health concerns, and rootworms have developed resistance to some of these chemicals van Rosen and Ester 2010). Crop rotation is challenged by the proliferation of rotation-resistant rootworm strains (Krysan et al 1984;Levine et al 2002;Schroeder et al 2005) and the widespread planting of continuous corn driven by high maize prices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalist-feeding subterranean mites as potential biological control agents of immature corn rootworms

et al. 2011

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Predatory mites are important components of subterranean food webs and may help regulate densities of agricultural pests, including western corn rootworms (Chrysomelidae: Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). Implementing conservation and/or classical biocontrol tactics could enhance densities of specialist or generalist predatory mites and lead to pest suppression, but first relevant mite species must be identified and their predatory capabilities evaluated. We conducted lab assays to quantify consumption of immature rootworms and oviposition rates of various mite species. Our study indicates that rootworms are a sub-optimal food source for the mite taxa tested. However, all mite species fed upon rootworms to some degree, although consumption by nematophagous Eviphis ostrinus was extremely low. Predators consumed more rootworm larvae than eggs, and mite size was correlated with prey consumption, with larger predators eating more prey. Four mite taxa (Gaeolaelaps sp., S. miles, Gl. americana, and G. aculeifer) had detrimental effects on survival of rootworm larvae, and the latter two species also had negative impacts on densities of pest eggs. Although it is unlikely that any of these mite species by itself has a major impact on rootworm control, the community of generalist soil-dwelling mites may play an important role in regulating immature rootworm populations in the field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalist-feeding subterranean mites as potential biological control agents of immature corn rootworms

et al. 2011

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“…The first Bt maize targeting corn rootworm larvae produced Cry3Bb1 and was released in 2003 (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, ). Bt maize became popular rapidly because of its efficacy, ease of use and low environmental risk compared to traditional insecticides (Van Rozen & Ester, ). Currently, maize hybrids produce four types of Bt toxins (Cry3Bb1, mCry3A, Cry34/35Ab1 and eCry3.1Ab), in some cases singly or as pyramids of two Cry toxins (Gassmann, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Cry3Bb1‐resistant western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Bt maize and soil insecticide

Shrestha

Jakka

Gassmann

2018

J Applied Entomology

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Cry3Bb1‐resistant western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is abundant and widely distributed in Iowa. Possible options for management of Cry3Bb1‐resistant populations may include planting of Cry34/35Ab1 maize, maize pyramided with Cry3Bb1 and Cry34/35Ab1 and application of soil‐applied insecticide to either Bt maize or maize that lacks a Bt trait targeting corn rootworm. However, empirical evidence is lacking about how these tactics will affect root injury to maize and survival of this pest to adulthood. We conducted a 2‐year field experiment, in fields known to harbour Cry3Bb1‐resistant western corn rootworm, and quantified the effects of five maize hybrids with and without soil‐applied insecticide, measuring emergence of adults and root injury. Maize with Cry34/35Ab1, both alone or pyramid with Cry3Bb1, significantly reduced the number of adults and the level of root injury, indicating that it was a useful tool for the mitigation of Cry3Bb1‐resistant rootworm. An application of soil insecticide reduced the level of adult emergence and root injury in non‐Bt maize and Cry3Bb1 maize. However, it did not provide any additional reduction in adult emergence or root injury when applied to Cry34/35Ab1 maize or pyramid maize. Both adult emergence and root injury were similar between soil insecticide applied to non‐Bt maize and Cry3Bb1 maize. Our results indicate that useful strategies to manage Cry3Bb1‐resistant rootworm include Cry34/35Ab1 maize, either alone or in a pyramid, and soil insecticide applied to maize lacking a rootworm active Bt toxin, in addition to other IPM practices such as crop rotation.

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“…), farmers in Europe are so far depending on the application of soil insecticides or seed treatments when maize is grown after maize for several years (Pilz et al. ; Rozen and Ester ). However, cases of honeybee contamination after sowing of insecticide‐coated maize in recent years (Alix et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of the entomoparasitic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in maize fields

Pilz

Toepfer²,

Knuth

et al. 2012

J Applied Entomology

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The entomoparasitic nematode (EPN) Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) is a promising candidate for the biological control of larvae of the maize pest Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). An easily applicable and economically feasible method is the inundative release of EPNs together with sowing of maize in spring. At that time, however, D. v. virgifera eggs are still diapausing and larval hatch will only start about four to 6 weeks after EPN application, depending on climatic conditions. Efficacy of the nematode application against the targeted pest species therefore depends on the ability of the biocontrol agent to persist in the pest's environment, at least until emergence of the first larvae. To address this key issue, 18 field trials were carried out at six locations in Germany, Austria and Hungary between 2010 and 2011. Fields differed in their soil type and in the presence or absence of a host. Nematodes were either applied as fluid stream (suspended in water) or as microgranules (without water) into the soil during the sowing process. Persistence of the nematodes was determined by examining soil samples, using larvae of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) as a bait. Results showed that EPNs, either applied as a suspension or as microgranules, were able to persist in the soil of all field sites. EPNs could be detected for at least 6 weeks in the soil. Persistence levels were higher in sandy soil types than in clay or silty soils. The applied EPN formulation had no effect on the persistence level of EPNs in the soil, and the presence or absence of the host insects had a minor effect. It can be concluded that EPNs applied with sowing of maize persist long enough to potentially control the later hatching larvae of the maize pest D. v. virgifera.

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Chemical control of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte

Cited by 54 publications

References 39 publications

Generalist-feeding subterranean mites as potential biological control agents of immature corn rootworms

Generalist-feeding subterranean mites as potential biological control agents of immature corn rootworms

Response of Cry3Bb1‐resistant western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Bt maize and soil insecticide

Persistence of the entomoparasitic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in maize fields

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