“…Thus, the metallic ions with small ionic radius and high electrical charge contribute to the formation of stronger P-O-M bonds in the P 2 O 5 -Na 2 O-CaO-MO glass system. Several modifying ions such as (M) Fe 3+ , Al 3+ , Zn 2+ and Ti 4+ have been used for reinforcement in glass system [26]. Among them Ti 4+ has been found to be very effective to improve the stability and mechanical properties of the glasses [27,28].…”