Chemical fate and transport in a domestic septic system: Sorption and transport of anionic and cationic surfactants

McAvoy, Drew C.; White, Craig; Moore, Billy L.; Rapaport, Robert

doi:10.1002/etc.5620130205

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A nearly identical range of partition coefficients was determined with C 12 LAS in sediments containing 0.6 to 2.9% TOC [23]. Other studies with LAS have shown K app ranging from 1 to 3,000 L/kg [2,5,14,24,25]. The amount of sorption (as measured by the apparent partition coefficient) correlated well with the fraction of organic carbon in the sediment (R 2 ϭ 0.85).…”

Section: Equilibrium Partitioning Theory Describes the Sorption Of Absupporting

confidence: 61%

Effect of Sediment Organic Carbon on the Toxicity of a Surfactant to Hyalella Azteca

Cano¹,

Dyer²,

Decarvalho³

1996

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Abstract-According to current sediment bioavailability models (e.g., equilibrium partitioning), toxicity of sorptive compounds in sediment depends on the free concentration in interstitial water. This free concentration may depend on both the characteristics of the compound and the sediment. For the sorption of anionic surfactants, sediment organic carbon content and cation exchange capacity have been shown to be important factors; however, it is not clear how these factors affect toxicity. Determining toxicity of these compounds in sediment using traditional batch sediment tests has not been entirely successful in the past due to excessive loss of parent material via biodegradation. In this study, effects of organic carbon on anionic surfactant toxicity were determined using highly branched alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) as the test compound in order to limit losses from biodegradation. Sediments were amended with peat moss to investigate the effects of organic carbon on surfactant sorption and toxicity to Hyalella azteca. Results support previous hypotheses regarding the effect of organic carbon on bioavailability and toxicity. Apparent sorption coefficients (K app ) increased with higher organic carbon levels. Likewise, greater sediment concentrations of ABS were required to elicit toxic responses at greater organic carbon concentrations. Toxicity in sediment appeared to be due to interstitial water exposure.

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Section: Equilibrium Partitioning Theory Describes the Sorption Of Absupporting

confidence: 61%

Effect of Sediment Organic Carbon on the Toxicity of a Surfactant to Hyalella Azteca

Cano¹,

Dyer²,

Decarvalho³

1996

Environ Toxicol Chem

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“…In addition, little has been published on the fate and transport of pharmaceuticals in the unsaturated and saturated zones (Drewes et al 2003;Heberer and Verstraeten in press). Organic compounds can be biodegraded in the subsurface, especially in an aerobic medium, leading to a wide variety of degradates (Drewes et al 2003;McAvoy et al 1994;Robertson 1994;Vengosh et al 1994;Verstraeten et al 2002aVerstraeten et al , 2002bVerstraeten et al , 2003. On the other hand, anaerobic or suboxic conditions, which can exist near septic fields, could prevent or slow down the degradation of organic compounds in ground water.…”

Section: Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of tracers and isotopes to evaluate vulnerability of water in domestic wells to septic waste

Verstraeten¹,

Fetterman²,

Meyer³

et al. 2005

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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In Nebraska, a large number (>200) of shallow sand‐point and cased wells completed in coarse alluvial sediments along rivers and lakes still are used to obtain drinking water for human consumption, even though construction of sand‐point wells for consumptive uses has been banned since 1987. The quality of water from shallow domestic wells potentially vulnerable to seepage from septic systems was evaluated by analyzing for the presence of tracers and multiple isotopes. Samples were collected from 26 sand‐point and perforated, cased domestic wells and were analyzed for bacteria, coliphages, nitrogen species, nitrogen and boron isotopes, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), prescription and nonprescription drugs, or organic waste water contaminants. At least 13 of the 26 domestic well samples showed some evidence of septic system effects based on the results of several tracers including DOC, coliphages, NH4+, NO3−, N2, δ15N[NO3−] and boron isotopes, and antibiotics and other drugs. Sand‐point wells within 30 m of a septic system and <14 m deep in a shallow, thin aquifer had the most tracers detected and the highest values, indicating the greatest vulnerability to contamination from septic waste.

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“…The subsurface soils at Cambridge contain 95% sand and only 0.5% clay [6], most of which is smectite [41]. As expected from the low clay content, the measured CEC of these soils averages only 5.0 meq/100 g [6].…”

Section: Cation Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical fate and transport in a domestic septic system: Unsaturated and saturated zone geochemistry

Wilhelm

Schiff

Robertson

1994

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Monitoring the septic system at a single family home provides quantitative information on geochemical evolution of septic tank effluent along its travel path In both the unsaturated and saturated (groundwater) zones, microbiological and chemical reactions occur that bring the effluent closer to equilibrium with the subsurface conditions In the unsaturated zone, 90% of the DOC is removed from the effluent, mostly by aerobic oxidation, and NH+4 in the effluent is almost completely ox ldized to NO−3 As these reactions occur in the tile field, the oxygen content of the soil gas is partially depleted Calcite dissolution from the soils in the unsaturated zone buffers the acidity of the oxidation reactions and increases Ca2+ concentrations In the saturated zone, organic carbon oxidation in the effluent plume apparently decreases dissolved oxygen concentrations to <10 mg/L Potassium is retarded relative to other cations, and dissolved PO43 from the effluent is detectable in the ground water directly beneath the tile field but appears to be advancing very slowly, if at all, within the plume In addition NO3− concentrations remain above drinking‐water standards (10 mg/L NO3 N) in the groundwater plume

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Chemical fate and transport in a domestic septic system: Sorption and transport of anionic and cationic surfactants

Cited by 45 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of Sediment Organic Carbon on the Toxicity of a Surfactant to Hyalella Azteca

Effect of Sediment Organic Carbon on the Toxicity of a Surfactant to Hyalella Azteca

Use of tracers and isotopes to evaluate vulnerability of water in domestic wells to septic waste

Chemical fate and transport in a domestic septic system: Unsaturated and saturated zone geochemistry

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