Chemical Modification of Cotton Fabrics by a Bifunctional Cationic Polymer for Salt-Free Reactive Dyeing

Abstract

Cotton modification exhibited great potential in the fabric dyeing industry. A bifunctional cationic polymer with a moderate cationic degree and low molecular weight was achieved via free radical polymerization between dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and allyl glycidyl ether. Then, it was further utilized for the modification of cotton fabrics. The formation of the cationic polymer was identified using Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The structure and properties of both treated and untreated cotton were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The modified cotton fabrics could be salt-free dyed with reactive dyes at low temperatures. While obtaining satisfactory color fastness and leveling properties, the dyeability of the modified cotton was improved significantly compared with the conventional dyeing of native cotton. Besides, the prepared cationic polymer has good flocculating properties to avoid secondary pollution, suggesting high potential for achieving an economical and eco-friendly dyeing process.

Cationic cotton modified by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride for salt-free dyeing with high levelling performance

“…The number of reactive groups on the fiber surfaces was greatly affected by the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution as CHPTAC need to be reacted with cellulose under alkaline environment. Thus, less NaOH dosage made the catalytic activation reaction insufficient, and too high NaOH concentration would lead to the hydrolysis of the modifier (Niu et al 2020). As for the temperature of the modification process, excessive temperature will lead to a fast decomposition rate of the etherified products and low temperature made the holes in the fibers swell not sufficiently (Mohtashim et al 2020).…”

“…The treated fibers showed a good dyeing performances without adding any salts. Niu et al (2020) modified the cotton with a bifunctional cationic polymer, which significantly improved the dyeability of the modified fabric compared with the conventional one. However, the overquick dyeing speed in the dyeing and fixation stage leads to poor levelness of the dyed fabric, which limits the industrial application of cationic cottons (Ristic and Ristic 2012).…”

Dyeing Property Improvement of Madder with Polycarboxylic Acid for Cotton

“…UV radiation refers to the irradiation of two wavelength bands, including UVA (320–400 nm) and UVB (280–320 nm). Long-term exposure to UV radiation will cause skin aging and carcinogenesis [ 38 ]. In order to evaluate the UV protective property of the raw and dyed cotton fabrics, the UV transmittances in the ultraviolet region (280~400 nm) and UPF values were tested, and the results are shown in Figure 5 and Table 7 .…”

Enhanced Dyeability and Wash Fastness through a Salt-Free Plasma-Induced Grafting of Cationic Monomers on Cotton Fabrics

“…The main elements in the unmodified cotton are carbon and oxygen, while three new peaks appeared in modified cotton. A peak at 400.2 eV was assigned to N1s, and the peaks at 265.3 eV and 195.9 eV were assigned to Cl2s and Cl2p, respectively [11,[31][32][33][34]. Furthermore, it can be seen that the mass concentration of N and Cl related to DADMAC gradually increased from UC to MC20 and MC30 in Table 2.…”