Chemical nature of PM2.5 and PM10 in Xi'an, China: Insights into primary emissions and secondary particle formation

Dai, Qili; Bi, Xinhui; Liu, Baoshuang; Li, Liwei; Ding, Jin; Song, Wenbin; Bi, Shiyang; Schulze, Benjamin C.; Song, Congbo; Wu, Jianhui; Zhang, Yufen; Feng, Yinchang; Hopke, Philip K.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.111

Cited by 109 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…where (OC/EC) primary is the estimated primary carbon ratio, the minimum ratio of OC/EC was taken as representative of (OC/EC) primary (Pant et al, 2015;Dai et al, 2018), and OC above that ratio was taken to be SOC. As reported by previous studies (Xu et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2014), the OM/OC ratio for fresh urban organics in northern China was between 1.2 and 1.6.…”

Section: Estimation Of Secondary Organic Aerosol Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As reported by previous studies (Xu et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2014), the OM/OC ratio for fresh urban organics in northern China was between 1.2 and 1.6. Since it is expected that oxidation of organic aerosols can occur during transport, we used the ratio of 1.4 for the OM/OC POA , consistent with the study of Dai et al (2018). The secondary organic carbon (SOA) was calculated by multiplying SOC by a coefficient of 1.8 (Philip et al, 2014).…”

Section: Estimation Of Secondary Organic Aerosol Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, regarding SIA, NO 3 concentrations during the APEC period were higher than those observed at all urban sites around the world, whereas the concentrations of SO 4 2and NH 4 + were generally at slightly higher or comparable levels ( Table 3). The mass ratio of NO 3 -/SO 4 2can be used as an indicator of the relative importance of mobile versus stationary sources of nitrogen and sulfur in the atmosphere with high ratios indicating the predominance of mobile sources over stationary sources (Dai et al, 2018). In Beijing, the emission ratios of NO x to SO 2 from gasoline and diesel vehicles are 10:1 and 8:1, respectively, whereas those from coal combustion are less than 1.0 (Han et al, 2016).…”

Section: Water-soluble Inorganic Ions In Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Impact of emission controls on air quality in Beijing during APEC 2014: Implications from water-soluble ions and carbonaceous aerosol in PM2.5 and their precursors

Liu

et al. 2019

Atmospheric Environment

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Section: Estimation Of Secondary Organic Aerosol Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimation Of Secondary Organic Aerosol Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water-soluble Inorganic Ions In Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of emission controls on air quality in Beijing during APEC 2014: Implications from water-soluble ions and carbonaceous aerosol in PM2.5 and their precursors

Liu

et al. 2019

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Cl − is associated with biomass combustion [50,51], Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ is used as an indicator of municipal construction [32], and NO 3 − and NO 2 − is mainly formed by the oxidation of nitrogen oxides produced by combustion [52]. According to RPC1, the sources of WSIIs in the atmospheric dustfall in Lanzhou are extensive and belong to compound pollution.…”

Section: The Sources Of Wsiis and Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessments of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions and Heavy Metals in Atmospheric Dustfall and Topsoil in Lanzhou, China

Zhao

Duan

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The chemical features of atmospheric dustfall and topsoil in the same region could reflect the processes of the migration, transport, and diffusion of pollutants in the atmospheric-soil system. Samples of atmospheric dustfall and topsoil were collected in Lanzhou City. The contents and correlation of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) and heavy metals in dustfall and topsoil were analyzed, the sources of heavy metals and WSIIs in dustfall were distinguished, and the potential ecological risks of heavy metals in dustfall and topsoil were evaluated. The highest contents of WSIIs are SO42− (18,594 mg·kg−1) and Ca2+ (10,070 mg·kg−1) in dustfall, and for SO42− (8271 mg·kg−1) and Na+ (1994 mg·kg−1) in topsoil. The concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Ni) in dustfall are considerably higher than those in topsoil. Combustion of biomass and coal, transportation and industrial activities are the major anthropogenic sources of WSIIs and heavy metals in Lanzhou. Pollution of heavy metals except Cr and Ni in dustfall, and Cu, Cr, and Ni in topsoil was up to different degrees, where the pollution of Cd was serious. The risk of Cd in dustfall is high while moderate in topsoil. This research could offer a reference for the atmospheric particle pollution prevention and control in Lanzhou.

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“…The characteristics and associations of the intermodal PM 1−2.5 fraction were investigated in Czechia (Kozáková et al, 2018). Most research studies are focused on the characteristics and sources of the PM 10 and PM 2.5 (Tian et al, 2017;Dai et al, 2018;Hopke et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Distribution of Ambient Particulate Matter and Its Constituent Chemical Species Involving Saccharides During Early Summer in a Chinese Megacity

Khan

Sun

Tian

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution adversely influences the human health and natural environment. The size distribution of ambient PM determines the physiochemical and optical properties of ambient aerosol, whereas it reflects the variability in local and regional PM emission sources and formation mechanisms. In the present work, the size distribution and characteristics of the carbonaceous, ionic, elemental, and saccharide species were categorically investigated for the fraction-wise PM in Tianjin during 2018 early summer. The average concentrations were 32.4, 20.9, and 49.3 μg/m3 for the PM1, PM1–2.5, and PM2.5–10, respectively. The coarse PM2.5–10 accounted for most of the PM10 mass (47%), followed by the fine PM1 (33%) and intermodal PM1–2.5 (20%). The carbonaceous and ionic species exhibited bimodal distribution and were distributed mostly to the fine size fraction and then to the coarse size fraction. The elemental species exhibited unimodal distribution and were distributed mostly to the coarse size fraction. The specific saccharide species indicated the significant contribution of biomass burning and primary biogenic emissions. The bimodal mass size distribution of levoglucosan indicated the significant biomass burning contributions to the fine and coarse size fractions. The unimodal glucose, fructose, and arabitol distribution and the bimodal mannitol distribution indicated the dominant primary biogenic contributions to the coarse size fraction. The PM1/PM10, PM1–2.5/PM10, PM2.5–10/PM10, OC/EC, SOC/OC, AE/CE, NO3–/SO42–, K+/EC, and levoglucosan/K+ ratios were used to investigate the characteristics of the ambient size-fractionated PM. The anthropogenic sources (combustion processes, traffic emissions, and secondary particles, etc.) contributed mostly to the fine PM1 and intermodal PM1–2.5 fractions, whereas the natural sources (primary biogenic, marine salt, and mineral dust, etc.) contributed mostly to the coarse PM2.5–10 fraction. This work is a significant addition to the multi-size ambient PM’s size distribution and characterization studies.

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Chemical nature of PM2.5 and PM10 in Xi'an, China: Insights into primary emissions and secondary particle formation

Cited by 109 publications

References 50 publications

Impact of emission controls on air quality in Beijing during APEC 2014: Implications from water-soluble ions and carbonaceous aerosol in PM2.5 and their precursors

Impact of emission controls on air quality in Beijing during APEC 2014: Implications from water-soluble ions and carbonaceous aerosol in PM2.5 and their precursors

Assessments of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions and Heavy Metals in Atmospheric Dustfall and Topsoil in Lanzhou, China

Size Distribution of Ambient Particulate Matter and Its Constituent Chemical Species Involving Saccharides During Early Summer in a Chinese Megacity

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