Chemical study and medical application of saponins as anti-cancer agents

A comparative study of the antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and thrombolytic potential of the fruits and leaves of Spondias dulcis

“…About 2.0 mL of methanol solution of each extract at different concentration (2,4,6,8,10 µg/mL) were mixed with 3.0 mL of DPPH methanol solution (20 µg/mL). After an incubation period of 30 min, the absorbance was measured at 517 nm against methanol as blank by using a UV-visible spectrophotometer.…”

“…About 1 mL of each extract of varying concentrations (1,5,10,50, 100 µg/mL) in double distilled water was mixed with 2.5 mL phosphate buffer and 2.5 mL of 1% potassium ferricyanide. The mixture was incubated at 50 °C for 20 min after which, 2.5 mL of 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), was added and centrifuged at 3 000 r/min for 10 min.…”

“…Because of their potent pharmacological activity, low toxicity and economic feasibility, investigation of the medicinal properties of plant has been performed [1] . Along with the nutritional value, plants contribute in the protection from free radical deterioration by hindrance of lipid peroxidation via numerous mechanisms including scavenging free radicals [2] , inducing antioxidant enzymes [3] , modulating protein kinase, and lipid kinase signaling pathway [4] , inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX 2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP 2 and MMP 9) enzymatic activity [5,6] , influencing phytoestrogenic and nuclear transcription factor NF-κB [7,8] , inducing cell cycle arrest and phase 1 or phase 2 metabolizing enzymes [9,10] . Oxidative damage done by free radicals causes the pathogenesis of many deadly diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's and diabetes [11] .…”

“…The genus Spondias (Anacardiaceae) consists of 17 species; seven of which are native to the neotropics and about 10 are native to tropical Asia. About 10 species of Spondias bear edible fruits.…”

Regeneration of soapnut tree through somatic embryogenesis and assessment of genetic fidelity through ISSR and RAPD markers

“…The different medicinal effects such as antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-trichomonas activity, spermicidal and anticancer activity etc. have been reported from the different parts of the plant (Takagi et al 1980;Ibrahim et al 2008;Tsuzuki et al 2007;Tiwari et al 2008;Man et al 2010;Singh et al 2016).…”