Chemiluminescence determination of thioridazine hydrochloride by flow-injection analysis

Kojło, Anatol; Michałowski, Jacek; Wołyniec, Elżbieta

doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00270-8

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Kojlo et al 87 have utilized the chemiluminescence emitted by thioridazine oxidized by potassium permanganate in an acidic medium for determining the parent phenothiazine. The fluorometric determination of phenothiazines by photooxidation in a flow-injection system was also described by Laassis et al 88 Feher et al 89 described two flow-techniques: flow-injection with UV spectrophotometric detection and the triangleprogrammed flow titrimetric determination of phenothiazines.…”

Section: Flow-injection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Oxidizing Agents for Determination of 2,10-Disubstituted Phenothiazines

Puzanowska-Tarasiewicz

Kuźmicka

Karpińska

et al. 2005

ANAL. SCI.

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Section: Flow-injection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Oxidizing Agents for Determination of 2,10-Disubstituted Phenothiazines

Puzanowska-Tarasiewicz

Kuźmicka

Karpińska

et al. 2005

ANAL. SCI.

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“…Supercritical fluid chromatography 13 and HPLC combined with other techniques [14][15][16][17][18] were reported for determination of TRH and its main metabolites or derivatives. Chemiluminescence 19 , electrophoresis 20 , spectrofluorimetric 21,22 and spectrophotometry [23][24][25][26] have been also reported for the determination of thioridazine hydrochloride. Some of these methods lack adequate sensitivity and some are expensive and time consuming.…”

Section: Chemicals and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Selective Spectrophotometry Methods for the Determination of Thioridazine Hydrochloride in Tablets and in Biological Fluids

El‐Didamony

Moustafa

2012

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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Two simple, rapid and selective spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the analysis of the psychoactive drug thioridazine HCl (TRH) in tablets and in biological fluids. The first method is based on the oxidation of TRH by a known excess of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), followed by the determination of unreacted oxidants by measuring the decrease in absorbance of two different dyes; amaranth (AM) and methylene blue (MB) at a suitable l max 520 and 660 nm, respectively. Beer-Lambert plots showed good correlation in the concentration ranges of 0.8-4.8 and 0.8-5.6 µg/ml for AM and MB methods, respectively. The second method is based upon the formation of an ion-pair complexes (1: 1) with the acidic sulphonphthalein dyes bromophenol blue (BPB) and bromothymol blue (BTB). The formed complexes were extracted into methylene chloride and their absorbance was measured at 405 and 408 nm for BPB and BTB, respectively. Beer's law was obeyed with a good correlation coefficient (r = 0.9995-0.9989) in the concentration ranges of 4 -24 µg/ml for both BPB and BTB methods, respectively. All measurements of the two procedures are carried out in an acidic medium at room temperature. Optimizations of the different experimental conditions are described for both methods. The two methods have been successfully applied to the determination of thioridazine HCl in pharmaceutical, serum and urine samples and average recoveries are in the range of 98.12 -102.55%. Analytical results obtained with this novel method are satisfactory.

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“…Different FIA-CL methods have been reported based on direct oxidation [73,74], sensitized CL [75,76], indirect CL [77], and enhanced CL [78] for the determination of phenothiazines. These CL reactions were tested by employing our homemade CE-CL instrument in order to select the most sensitive one.…”

Section: Selection Of the CL Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of phenothiazines in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine using capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection

et al. 2006

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A CE instrument coupled with chemiluminescence (CL) detection was designed for the determination of promethazine hydrochloride (PTH) and promazine hydrochloride (PMH) in real samples. An important enhancement of the CL emission of luminol with potassium ferricyanide was observed in the presence of these phenothiazines; so this system was selected for their detection after CE separation. Parameters affecting the electrophoretic separation were optimized in a univariate way, while those affecting CL detection were optimized by means of a multivariate approach based on the use of experimental designs. Chemometrics was also employed for the study of the robustness of the factors influencing the postcolumn CL detection. The method allows the separation of the phenothiazines in less than 4 min, achieving LODs of 80 ng/mL for PMH and 334 ng/mL for PTH, using sample injection by gravity. Electrokinetic injection was used to obtain lower LODs for the determination of the compounds in biological samples. The applicability of the CE-CL method was illustrated in the determination of PTH in pharmaceutical formulations and in the analysis of PMH in human urine, using a previous SPE procedure, achieving an LOD of 1 ng/mL and recoveries higher than 85%.

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Chemiluminescence determination of thioridazine hydrochloride by flow-injection analysis

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Efficient Oxidizing Agents for Determination of 2,10-Disubstituted Phenothiazines

Efficient Oxidizing Agents for Determination of 2,10-Disubstituted Phenothiazines

Two Selective Spectrophotometry Methods for the Determination of Thioridazine Hydrochloride in Tablets and in Biological Fluids

Determination of phenothiazines in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine using capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection

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