ChemInform Abstract: Cardioprotective Actions of Garlic (Allium sativum).

Isensee, Holger; Rietz, B.; Jacob, R.

doi:10.1002/chin.199321249

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The in vitro and in vivo studies showed that garlic and its bioactive compounds have multiple cardiovascular beneficial effects via inhibiting enzymes involved in lipid synthesis, reducing blood platelet aggregation and cholesterol, lowering blood pressure, and increasing antioxidant status [37]. Earlier studies demonstrated that garlic and its extract had anti-arrhythmic effects in ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats [38], [39], and ventricular arrhythmias induced by ouabain or isoproterenol in pigs and atrial arrhythmia in rats [11]. Rat atrial refractory period was prolonged by garlic dialysate in a concentration-dependent manner [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allitridi Inhibits Multiple Cardiac Potassium Channels Expressed in HEK 293 Cells

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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Allitridi (diallyl trisulfide) is an active compound (volatile oil) from garlic. The previous studies reported that allitridi had anti-arrhythmic effect. The potential ionic mechanisms are, however, not understood. The present study was designed to determine the effects of allitridi on cardiac potassium channels expressed in HEK 293 cells using a whole-cell patch voltage-clamp technique and mutagenesis. It was found that allitridi inhibited hKv4.3 channels (IC50 = 11.4 µM) by binding to the open channel, shifting availability potential to hyperpolarization, and accelerating closed-state inactivation of the channel. The hKv4.3 mutants T366A, T367A, V392A, and I395A showed a reduced response to allitridi with IC50s of 35.5 µM, 44.7 µM, 23.7 µM, and 42.4 µM. In addition, allitridi decreased hKv1.5, hERG, hKCNQ1/hKCNE1 channels stably expressed in HEK 293 cells with IC50s of 40.2 µM, 19.6 µM and 17.7 µM. However, it slightly inhibited hKir2.1 current (100 µM, inhibited by 9.8% at −120 mV). Our results demonstrate for the first time that allitridi preferably blocks hKv4.3 current by binding to the open channel at T366 and T367 of P-loop helix, and at V392 and I395 of S6 domain. It has a weak inhibition of hKv1.5, hERG, and hKCNQ1/hKCNE1 currents. These effects may account for its anti-arrhythmic effect observed in experimental animal models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allitridi Inhibits Multiple Cardiac Potassium Channels Expressed in HEK 293 Cells

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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“…The preparations of garlic have been widely recognized as agents for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and other metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, hyperlipidemia, thrombosis, hypertension and diabetes [7]. Furthermore, garlic is also reported to possess cardioprotective [8], antioxidant [9], antineoplastic and antimicrobial properties [10]. Furthermore, garlic has significant antiarrhythmic effect in both ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Propranolol with Garlic (Allium sativum) in Rats

Asdaq¹,

Inamdar

2011

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Garlic preparations and propranolol (PRO) are agents recognized as cardioprotective and potent antihypertensive agents when they are used individually. However, there is no report available to explain the role of combined therapy during simultaneous hypertension and myocardial damage in rats. We aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of PRO with garlic homogenate (GH), in rats. The influence of garlic on pharmacokinetics of PRO was determined by HPLC method; while pharmacodynamic interaction was studied in animals with hypertension (10% fructose) and myocardial damage (isoproterenol, 175 mg kg−1, s.c. 2 days). PRO was given orally at 10 mg kg−1 for 1 week, whereas, GH was administered at three different doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg kg−1, p.o. in their respective groups during fourth to sixth week of high fructose (HF) period, once daily. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, creatine phosphokinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured and histopathological studies were carried out. The bioavailability and half life of PRO were significantly enhanced by 2- and 3-fold, respectively, in animals pretreated with garlic (250 mg kg−1). Administration of PRO and low to moderate doses of GH (125, 250 mg kg−1), either alone or together showed fall in fluid intake and body weight. The combined therapy of GH 250 mg kg−1 and PRO was found to be most effective in reducing SBP, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose. These observations suggest that careful addition of garlic in moderate doses in PRO regimen might result in beneficial effect during treatment of hypertensive animals with myocardial damage.

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“…The GH was able to maintain the integrity of myocardium indicating its cardioprotective potential which has been previously reported to reduces a multitude of risk factors that play a decisive role in the genesis and progression of IHD (ischemic heart disease), e.g., hypolipidemic effect, lowering of arterial blood pressure and inhibition of platelet aggregation (Agarwal, 1996). In another study on the cardioprotective actions of GH in ischemia and reperfusion, GH augments ACE inhibiting efficacy of ACE inhibitor (Isensee et al, 1993) Pharmacol., 11 (6): 579-587, 2015 renin-angiotensin system is present both in the circulation and in different tissues. Both the cardiac renin-angiotensin system and ACE, which catalyses the final step in the enzymatic cascade of renin-angiotensin system, appear to be activated in various conditions including myocardial ischemia (Hansen, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Garlic with Gliclazide and Ramipril on Myocardial Injury in Diabetic Rats

Basheerudd¹

2015

International J. of Pharmacology

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A B S T R A C T Concurrent therapy of herbs with conventional regimen has been extensively reported for alleviating morbidities such as diabetes and cardiac manifestations. One of unique natural remedy that carry abundant potential for ameliorating wide varieties of ailment is garlic. Present research was designed to explore the role of garlic in obviating myocardial dysfunction in diabetic animals, when combined with ramipril and/or gliclazide. Diabetic Sprague Dawley rats received garlic (250 mg kgG 1 ), ramipril (1 mg kgG 1 ) and gliclazide (10 mg kgG 1 ) orally either alone or in combination in their respective groups. At the end of treatment, heart was excised; mounted on modified Langendorff's set-up; perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution and subjected to ischemia reperfusion injury. Significantly increased percentage recovery was recorded in heart rate and developed tension during post-ischemia in all treated animals, when compared to diabetic group. Further, depleted Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were substantially inclined in treated groups. Furthermore, combination of garlic with ramipril was most effective in reverting the ischemic damage, whereas, garlic with gliclazide prevent beta cell degeneration. Moreover, histopathological observations validated biochemical and hemodynamic findings. To conclude, this preliminary observation in animals reveals the beneficial role of adding garlic to conventional regimen of gliclazide and ramipril. Further, a careful clinical evaluation of above combination would provide us an opportunity to standardize and implement in cardiovascular disease management in diabetic patient.

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ChemInform Abstract: Cardioprotective Actions of Garlic (Allium sativum).

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Allitridi Inhibits Multiple Cardiac Potassium Channels Expressed in HEK 293 Cells

Allitridi Inhibits Multiple Cardiac Potassium Channels Expressed in HEK 293 Cells

Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Propranolol with Garlic (Allium sativum) in Rats

Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Garlic with Gliclazide and Ramipril on Myocardial Injury in Diabetic Rats

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