Chemistry and Biochemistry of Sulfur Natural Compounds: Key Intermediates of Metabolism and Redox Biology

Francioso, Antonio; Conrado, Alessia Baseggio; Mosca, Luciana; Fontana, Mario

doi:10.1155/2020/8294158

Cited by 81 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 249 publications

(236 reference statements)

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“…Redox biology is a very quickly developing area of modern biological sciences, and roles of redox homeostasis in health and disease have recently received tremendous attention [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. There are a range of redox pairs in cells/tissues responsible for redox homeostasis maintenance/regulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Homeostasis in Poultry: Regulatory Roles of NF-κB

2021

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Redox biology is a very quickly developing area of modern biological sciences, and roles of redox homeostasis in health and disease have recently received tremendous attention. There are a range of redox pairs in the cells/tissues responsible for redox homeostasis maintenance/regulation. In general, all redox elements are interconnected and regulated by various means, including antioxidant and vitagene networks. The redox status is responsible for maintenance of cell signaling and cell stress adaptation. Physiological roles of redox homeostasis maintenance in avian species, including poultry, have received limited attention and are poorly characterized. However, for the last 5 years, this topic attracted much attention, and a range of publications covered some related aspects. In fact, transcription factor Nrf2 was shown to be a master regulator of antioxidant defenses via activation of various vitagenes and other protective molecules to maintain redox homeostasis in cells/tissues. It was shown that Nrf2 is closely related to another transcription factor, namely, NF-κB, responsible for control of inflammation; however, its roles in poultry have not yet been characterized. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe a current view on NF-κB functioning in poultry with a specific emphasis to its nutritional modulation under various stress conditions. In particular, on the one hand, it has been shown that, in many stress conditions in poultry, NF-κB activation can lead to increased synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines leading to systemic inflammation. On the other hand, there are a range of nutrients/supplements that can downregulate NF-κB and decrease the negative consequences of stress-related disturbances in redox homeostasis. In general, vitagene–NF-κB interactions in relation to redox balance homeostasis, immunity, and gut health in poultry production await further research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Homeostasis in Poultry: Regulatory Roles of NF-κB

2021

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“…However, aspects of these results are still perhaps relevant to our metabolomic findings. Namely, we find enrichment for clusters associated with mitochondrial electron transport and sulfur metabolism, also related to mitochondrial function 114 . That being said, we acknowledge that comparisons between these sets of candidate genes are likely confounded by differences in data types and methodology.…”

Section: Genomics To Metabolomicsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Combining metabolomics and experimental evolution reveals key mechanisms underlying longevity differences in laboratory evolved Drosophila melanogaster populations

Phillips

Arnold

Vue

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Experimental evolution with Drosophila melanogaster has been used extensively for decades to study aging and longevity. In recent years, the addition of DNA and RNA sequencing to this framework has allowed researchers to leverage the statistical power inherent to experimental evolution study the genetic basis of longevity itself. Here we incorporated metabolomic data into to this framework to generate even deeper insights into the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying longevity differences in three groups of experimentally evolved D. melanogaster populations with different aging and longevity patterns. Our metabolomic analysis found that aging alters mitochondrial metabolism through increased consumption of NAD+ and increased usage of the TCA cycle. Combining our genomic and metabolomic data produced a list of biologically relevant candidate genes. Among these candidates, we found significant enrichment for genes and pathways associated with neurological development and function, and carbohydrate metabolism. While we do not explicitly find enrichment for aging canonical genes, neurological dysregulation and carbohydrate metabolism are both known to be associated with accelerated aging and reduced longevity. Taken together, our results in total provide very plausible genetic mechanisms for what might be driving longevity differences in this experimental system. More broadly, our findings demonstrate the value of combining multiple types of omic data with experimental evolution when attempting to dissect mechanisms underlying complex and highly polygenic traits like aging.

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“…It also forms conjugates with bile acids and may enhance bile flow and increase cholesterol clearance by the liver. Taurine, in the context of copperinduced oxidative stress, may also play a role in salvaging toxic intermediates (see [35] and references therein). Interestingly, taurine in adults can be obtained from the diet or from synthesis from cysteine when vitamin B6 is present.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Wilson Disease and Its Phenotypes by Using Artificial Intelligence

et al. 2021

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WD is caused by ATP7B variants disrupting copper efflux resulting in excessive copper accumulation mainly in liver and brain. The diagnosis of WD is challenged by its variable clinical course, onset, morbidity, and ATP7B variant type. Currently it is diagnosed by a combination of clinical symptoms/signs, aberrant copper metabolism parameters (e.g., low ceruloplasmin serum levels and high urinary and hepatic copper concentrations), and genetic evidence of ATP7B mutations when available. As early diagnosis and treatment are key to favorable outcomes, it is critical to identify subjects before the onset of overtly detrimental clinical manifestations. To this end, we sought to improve WD diagnosis using artificial neural network algorithms (part of artificial intelligence) by integrating available clinical and molecular parameters. Surprisingly, WD diagnosis was based on plasma levels of glutamate, asparagine, taurine, and Fischer’s ratio. As these amino acids are linked to the urea–Krebs’ cycles, our study not only underscores the central role of hepatic mitochondria in WD pathology but also that most WD patients have underlying hepatic dysfunction. Our study provides novel evidence that artificial intelligence utilized for integrated analysis for WD may result in earlier diagnosis and mechanistically relevant treatments for patients with WD.

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Chemistry and Biochemistry of Sulfur Natural Compounds: Key Intermediates of Metabolism and Redox Biology

Cited by 81 publications

References 249 publications

Redox Homeostasis in Poultry: Regulatory Roles of NF-κB

Redox Homeostasis in Poultry: Regulatory Roles of NF-κB

Combining metabolomics and experimental evolution reveals key mechanisms underlying longevity differences in laboratory evolved Drosophila melanogaster populations

Diagnosis of Wilson Disease and Its Phenotypes by Using Artificial Intelligence

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