Chemistry of phosgene

Babad, H.; Zeiler, Andrew G.

doi:10.1021/cr60281a005

Cited by 373 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

202

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The 1,3-disubstituted ureas are valuable products with a wide range of application as intermediates in agrochemical, pharmaceutical, dye chemicals and recently as precursors of isocyanates and raw materials of polyurethanes [29][30][31][32][33][34]. Their traditional synthesis required unsafe chemicals such as phosgene or carbon oxide and Au or Pt catalysts [35][36][37][38]. In recent years the direct synthesis of substituted ureas has been accomplished with the non toxic and cheap carbon dioxide in the presence of different catalysts and dehydrating agents to increase the yield of reaction [39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide uptake as ammonia and amine carbamates and their efficient conversion into urea and 1,3-disubstituted ureas

Barzagli

Mani

Peruzzini

2016

Journal of CO2 Utilization

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide uptake as ammonia and amine carbamates and their efficient conversion into urea and 1,3-disubstituted ureas

Barzagli

Mani

Peruzzini

2016

Journal of CO2 Utilization

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Amines are known to react with phosgene in a nucleophilic substitution reaction to form carbamoyl chlorides which can be readily dehydrohalogenated to form isocyanates (Scheme 2) [23]. In this reaction hydrochloric acid is formed, which can dope the polyaniline converting it from the emeraldine base oxidation state to the emeraldine salt oxidation state.…”

Section: Nano Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline nanofiber composites with amines: Novel materials for phosgene detection

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several orders of magnitude of change in resistance are observed upon chemical doping and dedoping of the conducting polymer polyaniline. This large conductivity range can be utilized to make sensitive chemical sensors. Polyaniline, in its nanofi ber form, has even greater sensing capabilities due to the small fi ber diameters, high surface area, and porous nanofiber network that enhances gas diffusion into the fibers. Polyaniline nanofi bers have been synthesized using a rapid mixing method and dispersed in water allowing them to be easily modifi ed with water soluble agents, making new composite materials. Polyaniline nanofi ber composite materials can be used to enhance detection of analytes that unmodifi ed polyaniline would not otherwise be able to detect. The detection mechanism involves the reaction of an additive with the analyte to generate a strong acid that is easily detected by polyaniline, resulting in orders of magnitude changes in resistance. The reaction of the additive alone with the analyte produces no electrical response, however. In this paper, an array of amine-polyaniline nanofiber composite materials is investigated for the detection of phosgene gas. The infl uence of environmental conditions such as humidity and temperature are examined and a detection mechanism is presented.

show abstract

“…Phosgene (COC12) is a colorless, heavier-than-air, oxidant gas with a lethal exposure dose (LC50) in humans of 500 ppm-min (50 ppm inhaled for 10 min) (9). Phosgene is 10 times more toxic than chlorine (9), and can react oxidatively at amine, hydroxyl, and thiol groups and with unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds to form a wide array of chemical modifications to biological molecules (33).…”

Section: Iron-mediated Lipid Peroxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ibuprofen prevents oxidant lung injury and in vitro lipid peroxidation by chelating iron.

Kennedy¹,

Rao²,

Noah³

et al. 1990

J. Clin. Invest.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Because ibuprofen protects from septic lung injury, we studied the effect of ibuprofen in oxidant lung injury from phosgene. Lungs from rabbits exposed to 2,000 ppm-min phosgene were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer at 50 ml/min for 60 min. Phosgene caused no increase in lung generation of cyclooxygenase metabolites and no elevation in pulmonary arterial pressure, but markedly increased transvascular fluid flux (A W = 31±5 phosgene vs. 8±1 g unexposed, P < 0.001), permeability to albumin (1251-HSA) lung leak index 0.274±0.035 phosgene vs. 0.019±0.001 unexposed, P < 0.01; 1251-HSA lavage leak index 0.352±0.073 phosgene vs. 0.008±0.001 unexposed, P < 0.01), and lung malondialdehyde (50±7 phosgene vs.24±0.7 gmol/g dry lung unexposed, P < 0.01). Ibuprofen protected lungs from phosgene (A W = 10±2 g; lung leak index 0.095±0.013; lavage leak index 0.052±0.013; and malondialdehyde 16±3 gmol/g dry lung, P < 0.01). Because iron-treated ibuprofen failed to protect, we studied the effect of ibuprofen in several iron-mediated reactions in vitro. Ibuprofen attenuated generation of * OH by a Fenton reaction and peroxidation of arachidonic acid by FeCI3 and ascorbate. Ibuprofen also formed iron chelates that lack the free coordination site required for iron to be reactive. Thus, ibuprofen may prevent iron-mediated generation of oxidants or iron-mediated lipid peroxidation after phosgene exposure. This suggests a new mechanism for ibuprofen's action. (J. Clin. Invest. 1990.

show abstract

Chemistry of phosgene

Cited by 373 publications

References 4 publications

Carbon dioxide uptake as ammonia and amine carbamates and their efficient conversion into urea and 1,3-disubstituted ureas

Carbon dioxide uptake as ammonia and amine carbamates and their efficient conversion into urea and 1,3-disubstituted ureas

Polyaniline nanofiber composites with amines: Novel materials for phosgene detection

Ibuprofen prevents oxidant lung injury and in vitro lipid peroxidation by chelating iron.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About