Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer Cells Using Novel pH-ResponsiveCellulose-Based Nanocomposites

Abstract

Purpose: The objective of the current study was to compare the anticancer efficacy ofdoxorubicin-loaded cellulose based magnetic (Fe3O4), zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on andfree doxorubicin (DOX) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.Methods: Novel pH-sensitive cellulose-graft poly acrylic acid based Fe3O4 (Cellulose-g-PAAg-PAcMNPs) and ZnO (Cellulose-g-PAA-g-PAcZnO) nanocomposites were synthesized viapolymerization of acrylic acid and modified 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate onto thecellulosic backbone via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) method.Results: Cellulose-g-PAA-g-PAcMNPs and Cellulose-g-PAA-g-PAcZnO nanocarriers with meandiameter of 15 and 38 nm were prepared successfully. DOX was loaded effectively to theZnO and Fe3O4 nanocarriers via complexing and electrostatic force with great encapsulationefficiency of 99.07% and 98.92%, respectively. DOX-loaded nanocarriers showed obvious pHdependenttumor specific drug release pattern. MTT assay results indicated that IC50 of theDOX loaded Cellulose-g-PAA-g-PAcZnO, DOX loaded Cellulose-g-PAA-g-PAcMNPs and freeDOX after 48 hours treatment with MCF7 cell lines were about 24.03, 49.27 and 99.76 μg mL−1,respectively. Therefore both DOX nanoformulations significantly increase antitumor abilitycompared to free DOX (P < 0.05). The results of MTT assay and DAPI staining revealed thatDOX-loaded Cellulose-g-PAA-g-PAcZnO NPs show higher chemotherapy efficiency in MCF7breast cancer cell line compare to the DOX-loaded Cellulose-g-PAA-g-PAcMNPs due to highinteraction of ZnO with DOX.Conclusion: The formation of the complexes between the DOX and ZnO nanoparticles atthe chelating sites of the quinone and the phenolic oxygen molecules of DOX, lead to moresustained drug release and enhanced chemotherapy effectiveness by increasing the intracellularconcentration of DOX.

Natural Polymeric Nanobiocomposites for Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery Therapeutics: A Recent Update

“…Nanocomposite of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and core-shell nanoparticles of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 Quercetin [168] The cellulose-based nanocomposite of magnetic (Fe 3 O 4 ), zinc oxide (ZnO) Doxorubicin [169] Carboxymethyl cellulose/graphene quantum dot nanocomposite Doxorubicin [167] Nanocomposites of Fe 3 O 4 -supported on rice straw cellulose 5-fluorouracil [170] ZnO/carboxymethyl cellulose/chitosan bio-nanocomposite 5-fluorouracil [78] Cellulose grafted hydrogel doped calcium oxide nanocomposites Doxorubicin [171] Nanocomposite of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and core-shell nanoparticles of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 Quercetin [168]…”

Cellulose‐Based Biomaterials: Chemistry and Biomedical Applications

“…[ 66 ] Basically, the uses of nano‐metals in many disease treatments has dangerous cytotoxicity and direct negative effects on vital systems and organs such as the liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and blood. [ 67 ] Moreover, many drugs and treating agents have a high negative impact on the biological system as a whole when used a pure form as observed in Figure . [ 32,68,69 ] In this context, the biomedical model of cellulose‐based biomaterials plays an important role in reducing the side effects of necessarily used drug agents besides demonstrating the bioavailability of these agents as possible which leads to reducing the therapeutic dosage level and dosage repetition.…”

Synthesis of Ternary Fe3O4/ZnO/Chitosan Magnetic Nanoparticles via an Ultrasound-Assisted Coprecipitation Process for Antibacterial Applications

“…Recently, iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles (ION) have attracted the attention of scientists all over the world due to its various applications, particularly in biomaterial engineering, such as MRI contrast agent, hyperthermia treatment, and drug delivery [1][2][3][4][5]. ION have been synthesized from many routes, including coprecipitation [6,7], solvothermal method [8,9], sol-gel method [10], microwave [11], …. Particularly, ION coated with an organic, inorganic, or polymer layer have been proved not only to prevent the aggregation of particles but also to improve the drug loading capability, solubility, biocompatibility, and selectivity of ION [12,13].…”