Chernobyl, Nuclear Wastes and Nature

Jaworowski, Zbigniew

doi:10.1260/0958305042886714

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The Chernobyl staff continued to operate the other three reactors on this site until 2000, when the last one was shut down. The evacuated people and the workers who cleaned the site after the emergency received radiation doses that were within the range of the normal annual background level, well below the threshold for adverse health effects (Jaworowski 2004a(Jaworowski , 2004b. No increase in mortality due to radiation has been observed, despite the prediction of 4000 excess cancer deaths (using the invalid LNT hypothesis-against the advice of scientific soci-eties).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nuclear Energy and Health

Cuttler¹,

Pollycove

2008

Dose-Response

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ᮀ Energy needs worldwide are expected to increase for the foreseeable future, but fuel supplies are limited. Nuclear reactors could supply much of the energy demand in a safe, sustainable manner were it not for fear of potential releases of radioactivity. Such releases would likely deliver a low dose or dose rate of radiation, within the range of naturally occurring radiation, to which life is already accustomed. The key areas of concern are discussed. Studies of actual health effects, especially thyroid cancers, following exposures are assessed. Radiation hormesis is explained, pointing out that beneficial effects are expected following a low dose or dose rate because protective responses against stresses are stimulated. The notions that no amount of radiation is small enough to be harmless and that a nuclear accident could kill hundreds of thousands are challenged in light of experience: more than a century with radiation and six decades with reactors. If nuclear energy is to play a significant role in meeting future needs, regulatory authorities must examine the scientific evidence and communicate the real health effects of nuclear radiation. Negative images and implications of health risks derived by unscientific extrapolations of harmful effects of high doses must be dispelled. Keywords: sustainable nuclear energy, radiation health effects, radiation hormesis, social acceptance, regulatory implications INTRODUCTIONAs populations grow and developing countries strive for a higher standard of living, the rate of energy consumption rises, as shown in Figure 1. By 2030, global energy demand is projected to increase by 50%, with electricity generation nearly doubling worldwide-an annual increase of 2.4% (IEA 2003, IEA 2008, DOE/EIA 2008a). Nuclear energy is receiving much attention today because of concerns about our energy sources. Environmental groups are urging large reductions in our combustion of coal and hydrocarbons (the source of 88.6% of our primary energy) to reduce the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. While the impact of carbon dioxide emissions on global warming is controversial, the pollution from large-scale burning of coal and other fuels is generally recognized as having an adverse impact on air quality and health. Sharply rising oil and gas prices both generate and reflect concerns about future supplies of these fuels, yet many environmental groups advocate options that avoid the use of nuclear power for electrical generation. They feel that such use would expose living organisms to radiation and increase the risk of nuclear weapons proliferation.This article discusses nuclear energy and how this energy source affects health. Many people are very apprehensive about nuclear power. For more than sixty years, they have received much information that associates nuclear technologies with health risks and almost no information about the health benefits. They are worried about potential exposure to nuclear radiation and consequent cell damage. The incidence of adverse health...

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confidence: 99%

Nuclear Energy and Health

Cuttler¹,

Pollycove

2008

Dose-Response

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New Information on Radiation Health Hazards

Fairlie¹

2007

Nuclear or Not?

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Poland's strategic potential and capabilities to respond to CBRN threats

Szklarski

2024

JoMS

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ObjectivesThe article includes a systemic analysis of Poland's potential and response capabilities to chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) threats. As a result of the conducted research, the dominant threats, technological resources, legal framework and socio-political reactions related to CBRN incidents in Poland were shown. In addition, Poland's technological capabilities in the detection of chemical agents, gamma and nucleoids were presented. The important role of protective clothing in responding to CBRN threats was emphasized.Material and methodsIn order to implement the adopted research assumptions, the method of analysis was used consisting in quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content contained in the analyzed documents, literature, legal acts, their ordering and interpretation in terms of the research objective.ResultsThe article highlights the multifaceted nature of the Polish approach, which includes understanding CBRN threats, investing in advanced detection technologies, ensuring the security of response through protective equipment, implementing robust civil protection measures, and adhering to a comprehensive legal framework. The discussion additionally sheds light on the key role of international cooperation in the Polish CBRN strategy. Basically, the article presents Polish preparations as a comprehensive approach combining technological knowledge, legal infrastructure, public security measuresConclusionsPoland's strategic preparation for potential CBRN incidents is an ongoing process. While significant progress has been made, the constantly evolving nature of CBRN threats requires a continuous commitment to policy improvement, technological innovation, capacity building and international cooperation.

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Chernobyl, Nuclear Wastes and Nature

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Nuclear Energy and Health

Nuclear Energy and Health

New Information on Radiation Health Hazards

Poland's strategic potential and capabilities to respond to CBRN threats

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