Chestnut Blight and its Control

Griffin, G. J.

doi:10.1002/9781118060810.ch8

Cited by 74 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…OA is also known to induce programmed cell death in some pathogen/host systems (Errakhi et al 2008; Kim et al 2008). Hyphae then spread through the cambium, forming a canker that will eventually kill the tree above the infection site by preventing the transfer of water and nutrients (Griffin 1986; Newhouse 1990). Fortunately for the host, the fungus does not infect chestnut roots, therefore allowing the growth of shoots at the root collar, keeping the tree alive (Anderson 1914).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A threshold level of oxalate oxidase transgene expression reduces Cryphonectria parasitica-induced necrosis in a transgenic American chestnut (Castanea dentata) leaf bioassay

et al. 2013

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American chestnut (Castanea dentata) was transformed with a wheat oxalate oxidase (oxo) gene in an effort to degrade the oxalic acid (OA) secreted by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, thus decreasing its virulence. Expression of OxO was examined under two promoters: a strong constitutive promoter, CaMV 35S, and a predominantly vascular promoter, VspB. Oxo gene transcription was quantified by RT-qPCR. Relative expression of OxO varied approximately 200 fold among events produced with the 35S-OxO. The lowest 35S-OxO event expressed approximately 3,000 fold higher than the highest VspB-OxO event. This was potentially due to the tissue-specific nature of the VspB-controlled expression, the strength of the CaMV 35S constitutive promoter, or position effects. Leaf assays measuring necrotic lesion length were conducted to better understand the relationship between OxO expression level and the blight fungus in planta. A threshold response was observed between the OxO expression level and the C. parasitica lesion length. Five events of the 35S-OxO line showed significantly reduced lesion length compared to the blight-susceptible American chestnut. More importantly, the lesion length in these five events was reduced to the same level as the blight-resistant Chinese chestnut, C. mollissima. This is the first report on enhanced pathogen resistance in transgenic American chestnut.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A threshold level of oxalate oxidase transgene expression reduces Cryphonectria parasitica-induced necrosis in a transgenic American chestnut (Castanea dentata) leaf bioassay

et al. 2013

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“…The higher critical mass of virulent infections of C. parasitica before the treatment in Baia Mare and Tismana may also explain these good results of biological control with hipovirulent strains (Griffin, 1986). The presence in Baia Mare zone of the EU13 strain and especially the uncontrolled new entries of (chest)nuts and seedlings may threaten the fragile balance established through the biological control of C. parasitica in protected chestnut areas from Romania, similarly to disease dynamics in central and western Europe (Cortesi and Milgroom, 1998;Robin et al, 2010;Bryner and Rigling, 2012;Zamora et al, 2012;Bryner et al, 2014;Feau et al, 2014).…”

Section: Healing Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Biological Control of Cryphonectria parasitica in Romanian Protected Sweet Chestnut Forests

Chira

Bolea

Chira

et al. 2017

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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Asiatic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica has gradually infected all chestnut habitats, forest and horticulture plantations from the most important natural centres of sweet chestnut distribution in Romania. The objectives of this work were to understand the destruction rate of chestnut habitats under C. parasitica pressure, and to test the efficacy of pathogen control in revitalizing these protected forests. Successive inventories of forest health status were carried out in forest districts of Maramures and Gorj counties. C. parasitica biologic control using CHV1 virus has been tested. The methodology includes standard laboratory and field work techniques: local hipervirulent strain identification and conversion to hipovirulence, field canker inoculation, and treatment efficacy evaluation. The fungus killed all mature chestnut trees in roughly two decades. Field inoculation has been successful on chestnut and sessile oak (fungus secondary host) in experimental plots from both target zones. This is the first time in Romania when a forest habitat is recovered by means of biological control, after a severe dieback of the old forest caused by a lethal invasive pathogen.

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“…During our surveys, we observed a lack of forest management in the majority of chestnut forests in Asturias, a situation described previously by Valdezate et al (2001). Managing chestnut blight and the deployment of hypovirulence are more likely to succeed in stands that are being managed intensively, regardless of vc type diversity (Griffin 1986;Milgroom and Cortesi 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Clonal population structure and introductions of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, in Asturias, northern Spain

2011

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To understand the history of introductions of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, in the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain, we conducted an extensive survey of chestnut blight and collected C. parasitica from 216 sites. All 778 isolates were assayed for vegetative compatibility (vc) type, whereas a subsample of 301 isolates was assayed for mating type, and 189 isolates were genotyped at 16 microsatellite markers. We found low diversity for all markers. Nearly all isolates (95%) were compatible with vc type EU-1 and had the same microsatellite multilocus haplotype, or differed from the most common type by mutation at one locus. Approximately 5% of the isolates were vegetatively compatible with EU-13 and only two isolates (< 1%) were compatible with EU-3; five different microsatellite haplotypes were found among isolates in these latter two vc types. The overall mating-type ratio was 218 MAT-1: 81 MAT-2, with both mating types represented in each of the three vc types. Microsatellite haplotypes based on ten markers used in France showed that most isolates in Asturias were either identical to or only one marker different from one of the seven most common genotypes in France, RE103. Based on these ten markers alone, the population of C. parasitica in Asturias, would appear to have been founded by a single genotype from the C1 lineage (to which RE103 belongs) found in eastern France and northern Italy.

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Chestnut Blight and its Control

Cited by 74 publications

References 46 publications

A threshold level of oxalate oxidase transgene expression reduces Cryphonectria parasitica-induced necrosis in a transgenic American chestnut (Castanea dentata) leaf bioassay

A threshold level of oxalate oxidase transgene expression reduces Cryphonectria parasitica-induced necrosis in a transgenic American chestnut (Castanea dentata) leaf bioassay

Biological Control of Cryphonectria parasitica in Romanian Protected Sweet Chestnut Forests

Clonal population structure and introductions of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, in Asturias, northern Spain

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