Child Labor in China

Informal Institution Meets Child Development: Clan Culture and Child Labor in China

“…Since there is no significant difference between the overall likelihood of child labor for boys and girls in China (Tang et al, 2018)…”

“…When we choose which variables are included in 𝑋 𝑖𝑐 , we mainly follow the practice in the child labor literature (e.g., Assaad et al, 2003;Tang et al, 2018;Emerson and Souza, 2007;Wahba, 2006;Basu , 2006;Knodel and Wongsith, 1991;Moehling, 2004;Bhalotra and Heady, 2003;Edmonds, 2008), as well as theoretical models which explore the factors behind child labor (e.g., Cigno and Rosati, 2005;Edmonds, 2008). All models are estimated using the sample weights provided by the CFPS.…”

“…We focus on China for three reasons. Firstly, although the enrollment rates of primary and junior high schools are high in China 1 , approximately 7.74% of children aged between 10 and 15 years were engaged in child labor in 2010 (Tang et al, 2018).…”

“…Secondly, we contribute to existing child labor determination literature (Dehejia and Gatti, 2005;Edmonds and Pavcnika, 2005;Basu et al, 2010;Tang et al, 2018;Tang et al 2020;Zhao et al, 2021) by identifying a new influencing factor: clan culture.…”

Gaming the no-choice system? School choice and persistent educational inequality in China

“…In 2015, there was around 7% and 10% of primary and lower middle school students attending private schools (Schulte, 2017). Additionally, there was a small proportion (the rate estimation varies across different researchers) of dropouts during compulsory educational stage, who might be engaged in child labour force (Bilige & Gan, 2020;Chang, Min, Shi, Kenny, & Loyalka, 2016;Tang, Zhao, & Zhao, 2018).…”