Children of the (gender) revolution: A theoretical and empirical synthesis of how gendered division of labour influences fertility

Raybould, Alyce; Sear, Rebecca

doi:10.1080/00324728.2020.1851748

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…First, changing gender roles and within-couple relations should be considered. "An incomplete gender revolution" is commonly seen as an important factor behind the very low fertility (Goldscheider et al, 2015;Raybould & Sear, 2021). As women have become more active in the labour market, a double burden with work and household duties makes them limit their fertility.…”

Section: Fertility Choices In the Pre-pandemic Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and childbearing intentions in Poland

Malicka

Mynarska

Świderska

2021

JFamRes

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Objective: We aim to investigate how the perceived consequences of COVID-19 affect people's childbearing intentions in Poland. Background: With the pandemic having an impact on virtually all spheres of people's lives, some evidence already exists that it will lead to fertility postponement, as people are reluctant to make their reproductive choices in such uncertain times. Method: We analyse a nationally representative sample of 1000 respondents aged 18-49. In the sample, 234 respondents declared that they had intended to have a child before the outbreak of the pandemic and about 20% of them stated having postponed or foregone their intention because of COVID-19. We perform logistic regression analyses to verify which perceived consequences of the pandemic are most decisive for this choice. We supplement our analyses with insights from qualitative, open-ended question on the effects of the pandemic. Results: We find that people’s decision to postpone childbearing is related to respondents' perceived lower sense of financial security and worse mental well-being in the pandemic. In the model, where both factors are included, only mental well-being remains significant. Qualitative analyses point to several other factors important to fertility decisions in the pandemic, e.g., women’s fear of lonely childbirth. Conclusion: People’s decision to postpone childbearing because of COVID-19 is mostly related to pandemic-induced financial insecurity and this effect seems to be mediated by the psychological reaction to the situation.

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Section: Fertility Choices In the Pre-pandemic Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and childbearing intentions in Poland

Malicka

Mynarska

Świderska

2021

JFamRes

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“…However, in poorer contexts, a heavy disparity in workload can be harmful to human health 34 , especially for women 35,36 . Women worldwide enjoy less leisure time, involving more unpaid work as previous studies stated, and particularly along with multi-tasking patterns 37 , which can be responsible for fertility decline 38 . Accelerometer data predicts human motion and has been validated statistically 32,[39][40][41][42] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sex inequality driven by dispersal

Chen¹,

Ge²,

Zhou³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Inequality between the sexes is pervasive both outside and inside the home. One contributing factor could be the dispersal of one sex at marriage that sets up sex-specific differences in relatedness to the group. Here we exploit the ecological diversity and different social structures found in southwest China to investigate the role of sex-biased dispersal on inequality in the sexual division of labour. We use a wearable fitness tracker and validated readings by confirming that participants' daily ‘steps’ were positively correlated with time spent in high energy activities, such as agriculture and animal husbandry work, and negatively correlated with low energy activities, such as entertainment and relaxation. We applied multilevel comparative approaches to examine the relative workload pattern between sexes under different dispersive states. Our results reveal two characteristics that lead to an unfavourable division of workload: being female and dispersing at marriage. This is consistent with the hypothesis that males have increased bargaining power when remaining in their natal home, leading to inequality in workload.

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“…There are extensive, though not necessarily consistent, bodies of literature on the relationship between fathers' uptake of parental leave and division of domestic labor on one hand (for examples of up-to-date research see Bünning, 2015;Patnaik, 2019;Schober, 2014;Tamm, 2019;Wray, 2020) and division of domestic labor and fertility on the other hand (for an up-to-date review of the literature see Raybould & Sear, 2020).…”

Section: Empirical Studies Of Fathers' Uptake Of Parental Leave and F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Leave for Fathers Pronatalist? A Mixed-Methods Study of the Impact of Fathers’ Uptake of Parental Leave on Couples’ Childbearing Intentions in South Korea

Lee

2022

Popul Res Policy Rev

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While many countries with low birth rates have implemented policies incentivizing fathers to take parental leave with the anticipation that it will contribute to raising birth rates, there is scant research empirically testing whether fathers’ uptake of leave is pronatalist. Existing research is limited to a few European (mostly Nordic) countries, and it is unclear whether there exists a positive causal relationship. Using mixed methods, this paper seeks to explore the processes and mechanisms by which fathers’ uptake of parental leave impacts intentions for additional children in South Korea, a country characterized by lowest-low fertility and low but rapidly expanding uptake of leave by fathers. Results based on multinomial logistic regression models suggest that in comparison to fathers who expect to take their first leave shortly, fathers with leave experience are less likely to report couple-level intentions for another child, significantly so at parity two. Interviews of fathers with parental leave experience confirm that fathers attenuate their fertility intentions downwards in light of the difficulties of childcare during their leave. While these intentions may change further down the line and/or couples may decide to continue an unplanned pregnancy, results suggest that fathers’ parental leave has an anti- rather than pronatalist effect in South Korea. This study demonstrates that in countries with poor support for the reconciliation of employment and childcare, equalizing the gendered division of parental leave may not be sufficient to see a reversal in its fertility trends.

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Children of the (gender) revolution: A theoretical and empirical synthesis of how gendered division of labour influences fertility

Cited by 42 publications

References 131 publications

Perceived consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and childbearing intentions in Poland

Perceived consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and childbearing intentions in Poland

Sex inequality driven by dispersal

Is Leave for Fathers Pronatalist? A Mixed-Methods Study of the Impact of Fathers’ Uptake of Parental Leave on Couples’ Childbearing Intentions in South Korea

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