“…Research interest in the first three years of childhood includes a range of foci of which representative examples are music in the care of premature babies (Filippa, Devouche, Arioni, Imberty, & Gratier, 2015;Harmer, 2013), adult-infant musical exchanges (usually parent and infant) (Dionyssiou, 2009;Street, 2006), music in daily routines at home (Addessi, 2009), musical parenting (Custodero, 2006(Custodero, , 2008aIlari, 2005;Ilari, Moura, & Bourscheidt, 2011) and the musical activities of very young children in their families and homes (Custodero, Britto, & Brooks-Gunn, 2003;de Vries, 2005de Vries, , 2009Kida & Adachi, 2008;Young & Gillen, 2010). The revised view of the competent child has also generated considerable interest in the spontaneously generated musical activity of young children and studies have explored spontaneous singing (see Dean, 2014 for a recent review; also: Knudsen, 2008;Young, 2002Young, , 2006 and music-making on instruments (Delalande & Cornara, 2010;Young, 2003Young, , 2008a. More recently interest in neo-Darwinian theory, mainly from an anthropological perspective, and the possible evolutionary origins of music has given rise to interesting theoretical positions on the adaptive uses of music (e.g.…”