Children's theory of mind development: Cultural perspectives

Hou, Xiao-Hui; Gong, Zhu-Qing; Yan, Zhixiong; Su, Yanjie; Zuo, XiNian

doi:10.1360/n972018-00763

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Some studies have compared the ToM performance of individuals in different countries, regions, ethnicities, and cultural backgrounds (e.g., Dong & Fu, 2007 ; Lillard, 1998 ; Wellman et al, 2006 ), or investigated the influence of social culture on an individual’s ToM by examining differences in individuals’ ToM processing of others in different cultural groups (Gnülta et al, 2020 ). However, whether ToM processing is universal across cultures (Carruthers, 2013 ) or influenced by individuals’ cultural experiences (Kobayashi et al, 2006 ; Navarro & Conway, 2021 ; Shahaeian et al, 2014 ) or whether cultural universality and specificity affect children’s ToM development is unclear (Hou et al, 2019 ). Group identify is also an important factor influencing an individual’s ToM processing (Mulvey et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of in-groups and out-groups on the theory-of-mind processing: evidence from different ethnic college students

et al. 2023

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According to previous studies of theory of mind (ToM), social environment and cultural background affect individuals’ cognitive ability to understand other people’s minds. There are cross-group differences in ToM. The present study aimed to examine whether social environment and culture affect the ToM in Uygur and Han groups and whether the individual’s cognitive ToM and affective ToM show in-group advantages. Han and Uygur college students were recruited as participants. The “self/other differentiation task” was used to measure cognitive ToM (Study 1), and the “Yoni task” was used to measure both cognitive and affective ToM (Study 2). We found that Han participants processed the cognitive and affective states of others faster and more accurately than Uygur ones. Uygur and Han participants processed in-group members’ cognitive and affective states faster and more accurately. Furthermore, Uygur participants were more accurate in the cognitive ToM processing of in-group members, while Han participants were faster in the affective ToM processing of in-group members. The findings indicated that ethnic culture and group identify might influence ToM processing. Strengthening exchanges between ethnic groups may enable individuals to better process out-group members’ psychological states.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of in-groups and out-groups on the theory-of-mind processing: evidence from different ethnic college students

et al. 2023

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“…(Hirata & Kamakura, 2018) The effects of parenting styles on each personal growth initiative and self-esteem among Japanese university students Pentingnya pengaruh gaya asuh otoritatif terhadap masing-masing PGI dan harga diri di kalangan mahasiswa universitas Jepang 17. (Hou et al, 2019) Children's theory of mind development: Cultural perspectives Dalam praktik pengasuhan keluarga, orang tua Barat lebih banyak berbicara tentang istilah kondisi mental, dan cenderung mengadopsi gaya pengasuhan otoritatif. Sebaliknya, orang tua Timur lebih banyak merujuk tindakan dan konsekuensinya dalam pembicaraan orang tua-Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(4), 2022 | 3157…”

Section: Daftar Pustakaunclassified

Dampak Gaya Pengasuhan Budaya Barat dan Timur Terhadap Perkembangan Anak

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Muthmainah²

2022

J. Obs. J. Pendidik. Anak Usia Dini

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Gaya pengasuhan yang diterapkan orang tua berdampak pada perkembangan anak. Penelitian bertujuan memberikan gambaran bagaimana dampak gaya pengasuhan budaya barat dan timur terhadap perkembangan anak. Metode menggunakan studi literatur, dengan langkah-langkah pengumpulan sumber data, reduksi data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa gaya pengasuhan budaya barat menganut gaya pengasuhan Baumrind, Maccoby Martin. Pengasuhan Baumrind meliputi pengasuhan otoriter, otoritatif, dan permisif/memanjakan; sedangkan gaya pengasuhan Maccoby Martin yaitu pengasuhan mengabaikan atau tidak terlibat. Pengasuhan budaya timur menganut gaya pengasuhan Baumrind, Maccoby Martin, dan gaya pengasuhan berbakti. Pengasuhan otoriter identik dengan perilaku negatif, otoritatif identik dengan perilaku positif, permisif identik dengan perilaku tidak mandiri, dan lalai/mengabaikan identik dengan perilaku yang beresiko, dan berbakti identik dengan mengikuti aturan orang tua. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah gaya pengasuhan autoritatif budaya barat maupun timur dapat menyejahterakan anak. Budaya timur melatih kemandirian anak sejak dini, sedangkan budaya timur, melatih anak dengan mendisiplinkan anak sejak dini.

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“…Similar to Iranian parents, Chinese parents tend to adopt authoritarian parenting strategies (similar to "boss"), which emphasize interpersonal harmony and displaying obedience to authority figures, but discourage expressing personal opinions (Liu et al, 2016;Hou et al, 2019). However, due to the implementation of the "One-Child Policy" in China for more than 30 years, no study has focused on the impact of siblings on the development of Chinese children's ToM.…”

Section: The Special Impact Of Cultural Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reciprocal and Dynamic Development Model for the Effects of Siblings on Children’s Theory of Mind

et al. 2020

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In the field of social influences on Theory of Mind (ToM), more research has focused on the role of parents, but less research has examined the impact of siblings on children's social understanding. We review existing research related to what factors might affect sibling-ToM association and how these potential factors affect ToM. Based on the literature review, we propose an integrative model that unites three categories of factors (i.e., sibling structural variables, sibling individual variables, parental intervening variables) that might have effects on the sibling-ToM association and highlights mental-state talks during sibling interactions at the intersection of sibling-related variables and ToM. Furthermore, we propose some issues arising from this review that need to be clarified in future studies. Specifically, we hope to clarify the specific effects of older and younger siblings on children's understanding of human minds, the similarities and differences of sibling-ToM association under different cultural backgrounds, and the impact of family social disadvantage (e.g., lower SES) on the sibling-ToM association. All these works would benefit from the verification, revision, and expansion of our reciprocal influence model for the sibling-ToM association.

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Children's theory of mind development: Cultural perspectives

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

The influence of in-groups and out-groups on the theory-of-mind processing: evidence from different ethnic college students

The influence of in-groups and out-groups on the theory-of-mind processing: evidence from different ethnic college students

Dampak Gaya Pengasuhan Budaya Barat dan Timur Terhadap Perkembangan Anak

A Reciprocal and Dynamic Development Model for the Effects of Siblings on Children’s Theory of Mind

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