Chimpanzee Twins: Behavioral Relations and Development

The Nilgiri Langur (Presbytis Johnii) Troop: its Composition, Structure, Function and Change

“…'The endless process of social adjustm ent begins with the mother, whose behavior is considered as representative of the larger social aggregate' (Mason [1965, p. 531]). W ithin the motherinfant framework, there are impressive species-specific differences which m ay contribute to broad and persistent differences in future behavior (Jay [1962]; T inklepaugh and Hartman [1932]; Tomilin and Yerkes [1935]). …”

The social psychology of the vertebrates.

“…Yerkes and Tomilin (152) amassed considerable data on 5 mother-infant groups of chimpanzees and found as many varieties of maternal treatment and infant response. Some description of the early development of social behavior between chimpanzee twins was given by the same authors (143).…”

Parental potentiation of vocalization as a marker for filial bonds in infant animals

“…Because early life social bonding disorders are known to increase the likelihood of pathological and psychological disease, the scientific use of animal models to study attachment reaches back into the middle of the last century at least (e.g., Harlow & Zimmermann, 1959;Mason & Sponholz, 1963;Moltz, 1960;Tomilin & Yerkes, 1935) and, of course, read Bowlby's classic Attachment (Bowlby, 1969). Our research group has developed one such model, maternal potentiation of vocalization, which we believe provides many advantages for studying both the acquisition and expression of the earliest social bonds.…”