“…Polymer membranes are widely used in diverse fields such as water desalination and water/gas purification, , oil–water separation, drug separation in the pharmaceutical industry, templates for flexible electronics, , energy storage, and conversion. − Surface modification of polymer membranes is an effective method to tune the physiochemical properties, including pore size, surface charge, chemical affinity (e.g., hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity), and charge transport. These properties dictate the membrane performance by controlling key attributes, such as liquid or gaseous flux, degree of solute rejection, electrical/ionic conductivity, and fouling behavior.…”