Chitin-Glucan Complex Hydrogels: Optimization of Gel Formation and Demonstration of Drug Loading and Release Ability

Araújo, Diana; Rodrigues, Thomas; Alves, Vítor D.; Freitas, Filomena

doi:10.3390/polym14040785

Cited by 16 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…The CGC hydrogels were prepared as described by Araújo et al [ 24 ], with slight modifications. Briefly, the CGC powder was dispersed in a NaOH 5 mol/L solution, at two biopolymer concentrations (4 and 6 wt%), and the suspensions were kept at −20 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CGC hydrogels can be fabricated by polymer coagulation from an alkali solution [ 23 ]. The procedure involves CGC dissolution in alkali solvent systems based on NaOH [ 24 ], to which freeze-thaw cycles are applied. CGC-based physical hydrogels spontaneously form during dialysis of the CGC alkali solution in water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CGC-based physical hydrogels spontaneously form during dialysis of the CGC alkali solution in water. This methodology was optimized in terms of freeze-thaw cycles and total freezing time, thus reducing the overall hydrogel preparation procedure time without impacting on their physical properties [ 24 ]. The resulting CGC-based hydrogels were evaluated as a drug delivery system, using caffeine as a model drug.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chitin-Glucan Complex Hydrogels: Physical-Chemical Characterization, Stability, In Vitro Drug Permeation, and Biological Assessment in Primary Cells

et al. 2023

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Chitin-glucan complex (CGC) hydrogels were fabricated by coagulation of the biopolymer from an aqueous alkaline solution, and their morphology, swelling behavior, mechanical, rheological, and biological properties were studied. In addition, their in vitro drug loading/release ability and permeation through mimic-skin artificial membranes (Strat-M) were assessed. The CGC hydrogels prepared from 4 and 6 wt% CGC suspensions (Na51*4 and Na51*6 hydrogels, respectively) had polymer contents of 2.40 ± 0.15 and 3.09 ± 0.22 wt%, respectively, and displayed a highly porous microstructure, characterized by compressive moduli of 39.36 and 47.30 kPa and storage moduli of 523.20 and 7012.25 Pa, respectively. Both hydrogels had a spontaneous and almost immediate swelling in aqueous media, and a high-water retention capacity (>80%), after 30 min incubation at 37 °C. Nevertheless, the Na51*4 hydrogels had higher fatigue resistance and slightly higher-water retention capacity. These hydrogels were loaded with caffeine, ibuprofen, diclofenac, or salicylic acid, reaching entrapment efficiency values ranging between 13.11 ± 0.49% for caffeine, and 15.15 ± 1.54% for salicylic acid. Similar release profiles in PBS were observed for all tested APIs, comprising an initial fast release followed by a steady slower release. In vitro permeation experiments through Strat-M membranes using Franz diffusion cells showed considerably higher permeation fluxes for caffeine (33.09 µg/cm2/h) and salicylic acid (19.53 µg/cm2/h), compared to ibuprofen sodium and diclofenac sodium (4.26 and 0.44 µg/cm2/h, respectively). Analysis in normal human dermal fibroblasts revealed that CGC hydrogels have no major effects on the viability, migration ability, and morphology of the cells. Given their demonstrated features, CGC hydrogels are very promising structures, displaying tunable physical properties, which support their future development into novel transdermal drug delivery platforms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chitin-Glucan Complex Hydrogels: Physical-Chemical Characterization, Stability, In Vitro Drug Permeation, and Biological Assessment in Primary Cells

et al. 2023

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“…The delivery system behavior appeared different in relation to the kind of solution in which it was. Indeed, the release rate followed Fick’s diffusion when hydrogel was immersed in a PBS solution and a non-Fickian diffusion in a NaOH 0.9% solution [ 137 ].…”

Section: Controlled Release Systems For Caffeinementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodegenerative Diseases: Can Caffeine Be a Powerful Ally to Weaken Neuroinflammation?

Ruggiero

Calvello

Porro

et al. 2022

IJMS

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In recent years, there has been considerable research showing that coffee consumption seems to be beneficial to human health, as it contains a mixture of different bioactive compounds such as chlorogenic acids, caffeic acid, alkaloids, diterpenes and polyphenols. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are debilitating, and non-curable diseases associated with impaired central, peripheral and muscle nervous systems. Several studies demonstrate that neuroinflammation mediated by glial cells—such as microglia and astrocytes—is a critical factor contributing to neurodegeneration that causes the dysfunction of brain homeostasis, resulting in a progressive loss of structure, function, and number of neuronal cells. This happens over time and leads to brain damage and physical impairment. The most known chronic NDs are represented by Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington’s disease (HD). According to epidemiological studies, regular coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize the latest research about the potential effects of caffeine in neurodegenerative disorders prevention and discuss the role of controlled caffeine delivery systems in maintaining high plasma caffeine concentrations for an extended time.

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“…Meanwhile, it was found that drug release time of chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel loaded with drug was up to 30 h ( 61 ). Recently, the characteristics of high water absorption, swelling, mechanical and rheological properties were also observed in chitin-glucan complex hydrogels fabricated by freezing and thawing ( 64 ).…”

Section: Preparation Of Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels as promising carriers for the delivery of food bioactive ingredients

Zhao

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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The burden of public health challenges associated with the western dietary and living style is growing. Nutraceuticals have been paid increasing attentions due to their effects in promotion of health. However, in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the nutraceuticals suffer from not only the harsh acidic environment of the stomach and a variety of digestive enzymes, but also the antibacterial activity of intestinal bile salts and the action of protease from the gut microbiota. The amount of the nutraceuticals arriving at the sites in GI tract for absorption or exerting the bioactivities is always unfortunately limited, which puts forward high requirements for protection of nutraceuticals in a certain high contents during oral consumption. Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymeric porous networks formed by the cross-linking of polymer chains, which can hold huge amounts of water. Compared with other carries with the size in microscopic scale such as nanoparticle and microcapsules, hydrogels could be considered to be more suitable delivery systems in food due to their macroscopic bulk properties, adjustable viscoelasticity and large spatial structure for embedding nutraceuticals. Regarding to the applications in food, natural polymer-based hydrogels are commonly safe and popular due to their source with the appealing characteristics of affordability, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Although chemical crosslinking has been widely utilized in preparation of hydrogels, it prefers the physical crosslinking in the researches in food. The reasonable design for the structure of natural polymeric hydrogels is essential for seeking the favorable functionalities to apply in the delivery system, and it could be possible to obtain the enhanced adhesive property, acid stability, resistant to bile salt, and the controlled release behavior. The hydrogels prepared with proteins, polysaccharides or the mix of them to deliver the functional ingredients, mainly the phenolic components, vitamins, probiotics are discussed to obtain inspiration for the wide applications in delivery systems. Further efforts might be made in the in situ formation of hydrogels in GI tract through the interaction among food polymers and small-molecular ingredients, elevation of the loading contents of nutraceuticals in hydrogels, development of stomach adhesive hydrogels as well as targeting modification of gut microbiota by the hydrogels.

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Chitin-Glucan Complex Hydrogels: Optimization of Gel Formation and Demonstration of Drug Loading and Release Ability

Cited by 16 publications

References 55 publications

Chitin-Glucan Complex Hydrogels: Physical-Chemical Characterization, Stability, In Vitro Drug Permeation, and Biological Assessment in Primary Cells

Chitin-Glucan Complex Hydrogels: Physical-Chemical Characterization, Stability, In Vitro Drug Permeation, and Biological Assessment in Primary Cells

Neurodegenerative Diseases: Can Caffeine Be a Powerful Ally to Weaken Neuroinflammation?

Hydrogels as promising carriers for the delivery of food bioactive ingredients

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