Chitin: Structure, Metabolism, and Regulation of Biosynthesis

Cabib, Enrico

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68234-6_16

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…This might be caused by an abnormal deposition of the polymer chitin at localized areas. In budding yeasts, the formation of chitin, the major constituent of the primary septum, is initiated at a well-defined location in the cell and at a precise time in the cell cycle (8). Kerkenaar and Barug (14) have demonstrated that the inhibition of sterol C-14 demethylation in fungi is correlated with an abnormal deposition of chitin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the imidazole derivative lombazole on the ultrastructure of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans

Barug¹,

Groot²

1985

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Lombazole, an antimicrobial agent of the imidazole class, induced profound ultrastructural changes in Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans, as observed by freeze fracture electron microscopy. In S. epidermidis cells, the primary effect on ultrastructure was characterized by a distinct change in the morphology of the plasma membrane. Secondary effects of lombazole were cell wall thickening, accumulations of lipidlike material, abnormal cell division, severe change of shape, separation of the plasma membrane from the cell wall, and disruption of cells. The alterations in C. albicans were characterized by the deformation of and a decrease in the number of invaginations in the protoplasmic fracture face and corresponding ridges on the exoplasmic fracture face and by separation of the plasma membrane from the cell wall, leaving a gap which frequently contained small vesicles. Moreover, a considerable thickening of the cell wall occurred at localized regions. These structural alterations are discussed in relation to biochemical changes which may correlate with these phenomena.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the imidazole derivative lombazole on the ultrastructure of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans

Barug¹,

Groot²

1985

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…This hypothesis is also supported by the fact that an initial deposition of chitin occurs not only during protoplast regeneration but also during normal apical growth (Cabib, 1981;Wessels et al, 1983) and in the formation of the cross-septum during cell division (Cabib, 1981), suggesting that this polymer is principally responsible for the wall ontogeny. Glucans and mannoproteins are then deposited, being the main morphogenetic components of the walls.…”

Section: V E L O R Z a A N D O T H E R Smentioning

confidence: 92%

Formation of a New Cell Wall by Protoplasts of Candida albicans: Effect of Papulacandin B, Tunicamycin and Nikkomycin

Elorza

Murgui²,

Rico³

et al. 1987

Microbiology

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Incorporation of polysaccharides into the walls of regenerating protoplasts of Candida albicans was followed in the presence of papulacandin B, tunicamycin and nikkomycin. With the first drug, chitin was incorporated normally whereas incorporation of glucans and mannoproteins was significantly decreased. Tunicamycin decreased incorporation of all wall polymers when added at the beginning of the regeneration process but blocked only mannan and alkaliinsoluble glucan incorporation when added after 5 h. Nikkomycin inhibited chitin synthesis, and the walls formed by the protoplasts were enriched in alkali-soluble glucan. Pulse-chase experiments suggested that a precursor-product relationship between the alkali-soluble and alkali-insoluble glucans existed in the wall. The results obtained with the antibiotics were confirmed and extended by cytological studies using wheat-germ agglutinin labelled with colloidal gold and concanavalin A-ferri tin as specific markers of chitin and mannoproteins respectively. The results support the idea that regeneration of walls by protoplasts occurs in two steps : firstly, a chitin microfibrillar skeleton is formed, and in a later step glucan-mannoprotein complexes are added to the growing structure. The chitin skeleton probably allows the orderly spatial arrangement of the other polymers giving rise to the regenerated cell wall.

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“…classified into α-, β-and γ-chitin (Cabib 1981;Cabib et al 1988). Chitosan derived by partial N-deacetylation of chitin is also a straight-chain polymer of glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine (Muzzarelli et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Chitosan Isolated from Podophthalmus Vigil

Prabu¹

2012

J. App. Pharm. Sci.

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In the present study, Chitin has been extracted from Podophthalmus vigil. The obtained chitin was transformed into the more useful chitosan we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of different concentrations (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of chitosan against 10 species of bacteria and fungi by agar-disc diffusion method. As the concentration of chitosan increased, the antimicrobial effect was strengthened. In the conjugated diene method, the total antioxidant activity of chitosan was ranging from 18.37% to 79.58% at varying concentrations (0.1 to 10mg/ml). The reducing capability ranged from of 0.12% to 0.48% at varying concentration (0.1 to 10mg/ml). The 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging potential of chitosan ranged from 18.08% to 55.56% at varying concentrations (0.1 to 10mg/ml). The chelating ability of chitosan from Podophthalmus vigil on ferrous ions was ranging from 25.82% to 73.54% for the concentration between 0.1-10mg/ml. Hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity of chitosan (0.125-2 mg/ml) was found to be higher than the ascorbic acid and the range was from 23.18% to 93.28%. Superoxide anion radical was ranging from 5.21% to 65.81% for the concentration between 0.125-2 mg/ml. overall, chitosan from Podophthalmus vigil was good in antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, and may be used as a source of antioxidants, as a possible food supplement or ingredient in the pharmaceutical industry. .

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Chitin: Structure, Metabolism, and Regulation of Biosynthesis

Cited by 35 publications

References 111 publications

Effect of the imidazole derivative lombazole on the ultrastructure of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans

Effect of the imidazole derivative lombazole on the ultrastructure of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans

Formation of a New Cell Wall by Protoplasts of Candida albicans: Effect of Papulacandin B, Tunicamycin and Nikkomycin

In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Chitosan Isolated from Podophthalmus Vigil

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