Chitosan in Biomedical Engineering: A Critical Review

Mohebbi, Shabnam; Nezhad, Mojtaba Nasiri; Zarrintaj, Payam; Jafari, Seyed Hassan; Gholizadeh, Saman Seyed; Saeb, Mohammad Reza; Mozafari, Masoud

doi:10.2174/1574888x13666180912142028

Cited by 191 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 202 publications

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“…Different techniques used to prepare scaffolds are available to design sponges [17], membranes [18], hydrogels [9,19], meshes [20], and fibrous scaffolds [21]. The main objective of scaffold preparation is to get interconnectivity between the pores, facilitating the removal of waste from cells, and introduce nutrients from the environment [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Histological Evaluation of Chitosan-Ruta Graveolens Essential Oil Films

et al. 2020

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The development of new biocompatible materials for application in the replacement of deteriorated tissues (due to accidents and diseases) has gained a lot of attention due to the high demand around the world. Tissue engineering offers multiple options from biocompatible materials with easy resorption. Chitosan (CS) is a biopolymer derived from chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, which has been highly used for cell regeneration applications. In this work, CS films and Ruta graveolens essential oil (RGEO) were incorporated to obtain porous and resorbable materials, which did not generate allergic reactions. An oil-free formulation (F1: CS) and three different formulations containing R. graveolens essential oil were prepared (F2: CS-RGEO 0.5%; F3: CS+RGEO 1.0%; and F4: CS+RGEO 1.5%) to evaluate the effect of the RGEO incorporation in the mechanical and thermal stability of the films. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses demonstrated the presence of RGEO. In contrast, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the crystalline structure and percentage of CS were slightly affected by the RGEO incorporation. Interesting saturation phenomena were observed for mechanical and water permeability tests when RGEO was incorporated at higher than 0.5% (v/v). The results of subdermal implantation after 30 days in Wistar rats showed that increasing the amount of RGEO resulted in greater resorption of the material, but also more significant inflammation of the tissue surrounding the materials. On the other hand, the thermal analysis showed that the RGEO incorporation almost did not affect thermal degradation. However, mechanical properties demonstrated an understandable loss of tensile strength and Young’s modulus for F3 and F4. However, given the volatility of the RGEO, it was possible to generate a slightly porous structure, as can be seen in the microstructure analysis of the surface and the cross-section of the films. The cytotoxicity analysis of the CS+RGEO compositions by the hemolysis technique agreed with in vivo results of the low toxicity observed. All these results demonstrate that films including crude essential oil have great application potential in the biomedical field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Histological Evaluation of Chitosan-Ruta Graveolens Essential Oil Films

et al. 2020

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“…Chitosan (CS), a natural polymer, is one of the most common biopolymers applied in medical studies due to the biodegradability, low toxicity, and excellent resorption [18]. Tissue-engineering applications involving bone [19,20], cartilage [21,22], liver [23], tendons [24,25], ligaments and nerves [26,27], wound healing [28,29], separation membranes [30][31][32], blood anticoagulants [33][34][35][36], contact lenses [37], controlled release of drugs [38][39][40], fat-sequestering agent [41,42], hydrogel preparations [43,44], and food packaging material [45,46] were previously reported. However, CS has the typical drawbacks of a polysaccharide, such as low solubility and poor stability in physiological media due to hydrogen bonding [47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposite Films of Chitosan-Grafted Carbon Nano-Onions for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2020

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The design of scaffolding from biocompatible and resistant materials such as carbon nanomaterials and biopolymers has become very important, given the high rate of injured patients. Graphene and carbon nanotubes, for example, have been used to improve the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of different materials and devices. In this work, we report the grafting of carbon nano-onions with chitosan (CS-g-CNO) through an amide-type bond. These compounds were blended with chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol composites to produce films for subdermal implantation in Wistar rats. Films with physical mixture between chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, and carbon nano-onions were also prepared for comparison purposes. Film characterization was performed with Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Tensile strength, X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The degradation of films into simulated body fluid (SBF) showed losses between 14% and 16% of the initial weight after 25 days of treatment. Still, a faster degradation (weight loss and pH changes) was obtained with composites of CS-g-CNO due to a higher SBF interaction by hydrogen bonding. On the other hand, in vivo evaluation of nanocomposites during 30 days in Wistar rats, subdermal tissue demonstrated normal resorption of the materials with lower inflammation processes as compared with the physical blends of ox-CNO formulations. SBF hydrolytic results agreed with the in vivo degradation for all samples, demonstrating that with a higher ox-CNO content increased the stability of the material and decreased its degradation capacity; however, we observed greater reabsorption with the formulations including CS-g-CNO. With this research, we demonstrated the future impact of CS/PVA/CS-g-CNO nanocomposite films for biomedical applications.

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“…Among different methods, nonwoven nanofiber mats can be fabricated by electrospinning technique as a simple and useful skill in which fibers diameter can be altered from microns to nanometers . Various natural and synthetic polymers such as chitosan, agarose, starch, Poly(lactic acid) PLA, polycaprolactone (PCL) have been used to fabricate the electrospun nanofibers . In this regards, wide ranges of properties such as enriched mechanical/thermal properties, conductivity and porosity can be achieved by the selection of proper materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun electroactive nanofibers of gelatin‐oligoaniline/Poly (vinyl alcohol) templates for architecting of cardiac tissue with on‐demand drug release

Shojaie

Rostamian

Samadi

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this study, grafted gelatin with oligoaniline (GelOA) was synthesized and then mixed with Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Several scaffolds with different ratio of PVA/GelOA were electrospun to fabricate electroactive scaffolds. GelOA was characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); moreover, nanofiber properties were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses. Nanofibers diameter was decreased with aniline oligomer increment form 300 to 150 nm because of the hydrophobic nature of the aniline oligomer. Aniline oligomer electroactivity was studied using cyclic voltammetry, which exhibited two redox peaks at 0.4 and 0.6. Moreover, aniline oligomer enhancement resulted in melting point increasing from 220°C to 230°C because of the crystallinity increment. To assess the biocompatibility of nanofibers, cell viability and cell adhesion were tracked using mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs). It was revealed that the presence of aniline oligomer leads to enhancing the conductivity, thermal properties and lowering the degradation rate and drug release. Among of different scaffolds, sample with high content of GelOA shows better behavior in physical and biological properties. Accumulative drug releases under applied electrical field at 40 minutes showed that the drug release for stimulated condition is about 33% more than the unapplied electrical field one.

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Chitosan in Biomedical Engineering: A Critical Review

Cited by 191 publications

References 202 publications

Synthesis, Characterization, and Histological Evaluation of Chitosan-Ruta Graveolens Essential Oil Films

Synthesis, Characterization, and Histological Evaluation of Chitosan-Ruta Graveolens Essential Oil Films

Nanocomposite Films of Chitosan-Grafted Carbon Nano-Onions for Biomedical Applications

Electrospun electroactive nanofibers of gelatin‐oligoaniline/Poly (vinyl alcohol) templates for architecting of cardiac tissue with on‐demand drug release

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