Chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) improves postprandial glycemic response in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose and in healthy subjects: a crossover, randomized controlled trial

Jeong, Sarang; Cho, Jung Min; Kwon, Young-In; Kim, Seong Chul; Shin, Dong Yeob; Lee, Jong Ho

doi:10.1038/s41387-019-0099-4

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In a recent randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover clinical trial, the administration of chitosan oligosaccharides could reduce postprandial blood glucose levels in the 2-h oral sucrose tolerance test (OSTT), suggesting the improvement of impaired glucose tolerance [ 78 ]. Similarly, chitosan has reduced gluconeogenesis-related signals (e.g., PEPCK (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), p38, and AMPK), increased muscle glucose uptake-related signals (e.g., Akt), and promoted glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) translocation from cytoplasm to membranes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Chitosan and Its Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent clinical trial, after the administration of chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1, a code name of chitosan oligosaccharide), it showed a decreasing trend in body fat ratios and waist circumferences, serum glucose levels, HbA1c (Hemoglobin A1c, a subtype of glycosylated hemoglobin), and C peptides (a byproduct in the formation of insulin) [ 89 ]. In addition, chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) could improve the impaired glucose tolerance and fasting glucose levels in a crossover, randomized, controlled clinical trial [ 78 ]. A meta-analysis indicates that chitosan treatment for patients significantly decreases DBP (diastolic blood pressure) in short-term interventions [ 90 ].…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Chitosan and Its Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intestinal Population in Host with Metabolic Syndrome during Administration of Chitosan and Its Derivatives

et al. 2020

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Chitosan and its derivatives can alleviate metabolic syndrome by different regulation mechanisms, phosphorylation of AMPK (AMP-activated kinase) and Akt (also known as protein kinase B), suppression of PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ) and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element–binding proteins), and translocation of GLUT4 (glucose transporter-4), and also the downregulation of fatty-acid-transport proteins, fatty-acid-binding proteins, fatty acid synthetase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase), and HMG-CoA reductase (hydroxy methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase). The improved microbial profiles in the gastrointestinal tract were positively correlated with the improved glucose and lipid profiles in hosts with metabolic syndrome. Hence, this review will summarize the current literature illustrating positive correlations between the alleviated conditions in metabolic syndrome hosts and the normalized gut microbiota in hosts with metabolic syndrome after treatment with chitosan and its derivatives, implying that the possibility of chitosan and its derivatives to serve as therapeutic application will be consolidated. Chitosan has been shown to modulate cardiometabolic symptoms (e.g., lipid and glycemic levels, blood pressure) as well as gut microbiota. However, the literature that summarizes the relationship between such metabolic modulation of chitosan and prebiotic-like effects is limited. This review will discuss the connection among their structures, biological properties, and prebiotic effects for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Our hope is that future researchers will consider the prebiotic effects as significant contributors to the mitigation of metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Biological Effects Of Chitosan and Its Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biological Effects Of Chitosan and Its Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Population in Host with Metabolic Syndrome during Administration of Chitosan and Its Derivatives

et al. 2020

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“…GO2KA1 has been used in clinical trials. It was found that GO2KA1 effectively reduced postprandial blood glucose levels in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose [ 149 ]. However, it remains unclear whether chitosan oligosaccharide has a direct or indirect antidiabetic effect.…”

Section: Potential Applications Of Chitin and Chitosan Oligosacchamentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives as Biomaterial Resources for Biological and Biomedical Applications

Satitsri

Muanprasat

2020

Molecules

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Chitin is a long-chain polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine, which is regularly found in the exoskeleton of arthropods including insects, shellfish and the cell wall of fungi. It has been known that chitin can be used for biological and biomedical applications, especially as a biomaterial for tissue repairing, encapsulating drug for drug delivery. However, chitin has been postulated as an inducer of proinflammatory cytokines and certain diseases including asthma. Likewise, chitosan, a long-chain polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine and d-glucosamine derived from chitin deacetylation, and chitosan oligosaccharide, a short chain polymer, have been known for their potential therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, and anti-Alzheimer effects. This review summarizes potential utilization and limitation of chitin, chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide in a variety of diseases. Furthermore, future direction of research and development of chitin, chitosan, and chitosan oligosaccharide for biomedical applications is discussed.

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“…A study also have shown that chitosan can improve lipid metabolism related to diabetes [36]. Many researchers have focused on the combined, synergistic, or additive effects of these molecules to treat this complex metabolic disorder [35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the potential hypoglycemic effect of chitosan has been evaluated in clinical trials, these studies substantially vary with respect to the research design, population characteristics, chitosan supplement dosage, and duration, leading to mixed results and conclusions [ 29 , 31 – 34 , 37 , 39 – 43 ]. No systematic review or meta-analysis has been conducted to evaluate the effect of chitosan on human glycemic levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan modifies glycemic levels in people with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis

Guo

Zhou

et al. 2020

Nutr J

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Background Chitosan supplementation has been shown to modulate glycemic levels; however, studies have reported conflicting results. The present meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis was conducted to verify the overall influence of chitosan on glycemic levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. Methods The PubMed, Cochrane library, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled studies of chitosan intake and glycemic levels. Results A total of ten clinical trials including 1473 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled effect sizes were determined by random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed to analyze the sources of heterogeneity and their influence on the overall results. The results revealed a significant reduction in fasting glucose levels (SMD: − 0.39 mmol/L, 95% CI: − 0.62 to − 0.16) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (SMD: -1.10; 95% CI: − 2.15 to − 0.06) following chitosan supplementation but no effect on insulin levels (SMD: − 0.20 pmol/L, 95% CI: − 0.64 to 0.24). Subgroup analyses further demonstrated significant reductions in fasting glucose levels in subjects administered 1.6–3 g of chitosan per day and in studies longer than 13 weeks. Trial sequential analysis of the pooled results of the hypoglycemic effect demonstrated that the cumulative Z-curve crossed both the conventional boundary and trial sequential monitoring boundary for glucose and HbA1c. Conclusions The glucose level of patients who are diabetic and obese/overweight can be improved by supplementation with chitosan for at least 13 weeks at 1.6–3 g per day. Additional clinical research data are needed to confirm the role of chitosan, particularly in regulating glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin.

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Chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) improves postprandial glycemic response in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose and in healthy subjects: a crossover, randomized controlled trial

Cited by 23 publications

References 38 publications

Intestinal Population in Host with Metabolic Syndrome during Administration of Chitosan and Its Derivatives

Intestinal Population in Host with Metabolic Syndrome during Administration of Chitosan and Its Derivatives

Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives as Biomaterial Resources for Biological and Biomedical Applications

Chitosan modifies glycemic levels in people with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis

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