Chlorine-induced mixed valence of CuOx/C to promote the electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene

Review on strategies for improving the added value and expanding the scope of CO2 electroreduction products

“…Regarding the formation of C 2+ hydrocarbons such as C 2 H 6 , 156,157 C 2 H 4 , 158–160 and C 3 H 6 , 13,161 earlier investigations have proposed that these C 2+ hydrocarbons originate from *CO. 162 Moreover, the process of C–C coupling is considered to be a critical reaction step that significantly impacts the activity and selectivity of C 2+ hydrocarbons. Cu-based materials have been recognized as highly effective electrocatalysts that can promote C–C coupling reactions to generate C 2+ hydrocarbons.…”

“…166 To date, researchers are enhancing the Cu-based materials electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to produce C 2+ hydrocarbons through various strategies such as constructing bimetallic catalysts, 163,[167][168][169] defect and grain boundary engineering, 170,171 surface modification, [172][173][174][175][176][177] developing tandem catalysts, [178][179][180] and heteroatom doping. 158,[181][182][183] Cu-based electrocatalysts for electrosynthesis of C 2+ hydrocarbons. The construction of Cu-based bimetallic (such as CuBi, CuRu, CuAg, and so on) catalysts are beneficial for the activation of CO 2 and the modulation of the adsorption strength of key active intermediates (such as *CO, *CHO, and so on) on the Cu surface, thereby effectively promoting the electrocatalytic C-C coupling process.…”

Hydrothermal Fabrication of Carbon‐Supported Oxide‐Derived Copper Heterostructures: A Robust Catalyst System for Enhanced Electro‐Reduction of CO2 to C2H4

“…In a different approach, Wang et al have developed CuO x /C materials with mixed oxidation states based on a chlorine induced transformation, achieving FE to C 2 H 4 of 22 % at 60 mA • cm À 2 , and demonstrating stabilisation of mixed Cu 0 /Cu + valence states for long operation times in H-cell. [28] In general, this strategy has been demonstrated to be an effective alternative to obtain electrocatalysts with state-of-the-art activities for C 2 + products, with scalable and relatively simple synthesis methods, while also deploying catalysts with low metal content with respect to other approaches with pure Cu-derived materials. Differently from those studies, we have developed in the present work systems with larger area electrodes, implemented in flow-cell devices with optimised flow configuration, thus attaining higher efficiencies and productivities.…”

“…In the recent past, a strong focus is levied on carbon‐based materials as efficient electrocatalysts for the ECO 2 R owing to their intrinsic properties, such as high surface areas, excellent electrical conductivity, and high mechanical strength, largely facilitating the diffusion of CO 2 . Different types of carbon‐based materials like pure carbon‐derived catalysts, [27,28] hetero‐atom‐doped carbon catalysts [29] and metal‐carbon single‐atom catalysts [30] have been explored to achieve high catalytic efficiencies. Moreover, carbon black (C‐Black) has been used as standard support in electrode formulations for electrolysis, batteries, and fuel cell applications [31] .…”

Regulation Strategy of Nanostructured Engineering on Indium‐Based Materials for Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO2

“…[51][52][53][54] The unique advantages of CO 2 RR technology, including gentle reaction conditions, diverse product distribution, integratability, and feasibility of coupling with intermittent electrical energy, give it significant attention. [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] However, thermodynamically stable CO 2 molecules with higher bond energy (750 kJ mol −1 ), resulting in a high requirement of energy input to activate the conversion of CO 2 . In addition, the presence of competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) seriously affects the product selectivity and energy efficiency of CO 2 RR due to the overlapping reaction potentials.…”