Chlortetracycline and tylosin runoff from soils treated with antimicrobial containing manure

Abstract

This study assessed the runoff potential of tylosin and chlortetracycline (CTC) from soils treated with manure from swine fed rations containing the highest labeled rate of each chemical. Slurry manures from the swine contained either CTC at 108 µg/g or tylosin at 0.3 µg/g. These manures were surface applied to clay loam, silty clay loam, and silt loam soils at a rate of 0.22 Mg/ha. In one trial, tylosin was applied directly to the soil surface to examine runoff potential of water and chemical when manure was not present. Water was applied using a sprinkler infiltrometer 24-hr after manure application with runoff collected incrementally every 5 min for about 45 min. A biofilm crust formed on all manure-treated surfaces and infiltration was impeded with >70% of the applied water collected as runoff. The total amount of CTC collected ranged from 0.9 to 3.5% of the amount applied whereas tylosin ranged from 8.4 to 12%. These data indicate that if surface-applied manure contains antimicrobials, runoff could lead to offsite contamination.

Development of a modified QUick, Easy, CHeap, Effective, Rugged and Safe method for the determination of multi-class antimicrobials in vegetables by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

“…Despite their benefits to livestock production, there is growing public concern about the environmental problems caused by the extensive use of veterinary antimicrobials. Large amounts of antimicrobials and their metabolites, which are excreted by animals in urine and feces, have led to notably widespread contamination of water and soil resources [1][2][3]. Environmental impacts posed by this emergent contamination such as ecological toxicity [4,5] and resistant bacteria [6], have been reported.…”

Occurrence of Tylosin-Resistant Enterococci in Swine Manure and Tile Drainage Systems under No-Till Management

“…The tylosin load in surface runoff has ranged from 8.4% to 12% of total tylosin applied to the fields (Hoese et al, 2009). Tylosin concentrations in spring manure was found at 122 µg/L, over three timesgreater than that in the fall (38 µg/L) but they are very low compared to the tylosin MIC for Enterococcus (>32 µg/mL) (NARMS, 2005).…”

A Rapid Method for Measuring Feces Ammonia‐Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide‐Carbon Emissions and Decomposition Rate Constants

“…Increases or decreases in SOC with time are attributed to decreased or increased CO 2 emissions. Carbon budgets based on temporal changes in SOC have many complicating factors including: (i) the long period of time required to quantify SOC temporal changes (Clay et al, 2006; (ii) the difficulty with measuring belowground biomass and associated degradation rates (Chang et al, 2014(Chang et al, , 2016b; (iii) the difficulty in quantifying dissolved organic C and inorganic N leaching (Clay et al, 1995) and erosional losses (Hoese et al, 2009); and (iv) that large errors can occur when data from small plots was extrapolated over landscapes. This approach is not well suited for short-term experiments conducted in farmers' fields.…”