Chromosome evolution and speciation in Hawaiian flowering plants

Carr, Gerald D.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511721823.003

Cited by 40 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…Thus while polyploids comprise 18% of the total Pectis species, they comprise 77% of the island species (Appendix S2). This pattern is also seen in Hawaii, where 80% of the native plants are polyploid (Carr, 1988). While these ratios could change if more Pectis species were sampled, there is no reason to think that the current sampling of cytological data is skewed toward diploid or polyploid taxa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…macrocephalum but was elevated to specific status by Rydberg and has been treated as such by subsequent authors (Rydberg, 1916;Johnson, 1969;McVaugh, 1984). In our analyses, we have followed Turner's (1996) (Turner et al, 1979;Robinson et al, 1981;Carr et al, 1999) but Dillon et al (1982) reported n 5 12 for a Peruvian accession. Therefore, although only diploid (n 5 11) specimens of Pr.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…prostrata, a diploid, are autogamous. A second explanation for the high occurrence of polyploidy on islands is that successful establishment favors plants with high genetic diversity (Carr, 1988) sometimes associated with polyploidy. Finally, many species in the Asteraceae have SSI systems that allow occasional self-fertilization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic Relationships Between and within Phacelia Sections Whitlavia and Gymnobythus (Boraginaceae)

Hansen¹,

Spicer²,

Patterson³

2009

Systematic Botany

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phylogenetic Relationships Between and within Phacelia Sections Whitlavia and Gymnobythus (Boraginaceae)

Hansen¹,

Spicer²,

Patterson³

2009

Systematic Botany

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“…This indeed is the case. In situ polyploidy in Hawaiii is very limited, with clear examples in Peperomia, Portulaca, and Wikstromia, and less certain examples in a few other genera (Carr 1998). The same trends hold for other islands as well (Stuessy and Crawford 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

On the Abundance of Polyploids in Flowering Plants

2006

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Abstract. The wide distribution of polyploidy among plants has led to a variety of theories for the evolutionary advantages of polyploidy. Here we claim that the abundance of polyploidy may be the result of a simple ratcheting process that does not require evolutionary advantages due to the biological properties of organisms. The evolution of polyploidy is a one-way process in which chromosome number can increase but not decrease. Using a simple mathematical model, we show that average ploidal level within a plant lineage can continually increase to the levels observed today, even if there are ecological or physiological disadvantages to higher ploidy. The model allowed us to estimate the average net speciation and polyploidy rates for ten angiosperm genera. Based on these estimates, the model predicts distributions of ploidal levels statistically similar to those observed in nine of the 10 genera.

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“…For the Hawaiian¯ora, Kyhos and Carr (1994) and Carr (1998) pointed out that most of the species are woody perennial forms and are thus in groups that have been evolving for some time. They argue that in such``older'' groups there is more genomic/genic stability and thus less tolerance for chromosomal structural changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%